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Organismal Biology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A scientist who studies the behavior of animals is called a(n)…

A

Ethologist

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2
Q

Which of the following contains only endoparasitic species?

A

Apicomplexa

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3
Q

A _____ species, defined as a set of organisms with a similar phenotype to each other, but a different phenotype from other sets of organisms. It includes a numerical measure of distance or similarity to cluster entities based on multivariate comparisons of a reasonably large number of phenotypic traits.

A

Phenetic Species Concept

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4
Q

Causes Chagas’ disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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5
Q

A disease that normally infects animals, but is also capable of causing disease in humans, is referred to as what type of disease?

A

Zoonosis

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6
Q

What is the entire circular unit called in a bone cross section?

A

Osteon

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7
Q

What is the central dark hole called? (bone)

A

Haversian Canal

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8
Q

Which primary tissue type does bone represent?

A

Connective Tissue

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9
Q

What is the structure that resembles a dash in bone?

A

Lacuna

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10
Q

Striated, non-branched muscle - What type of muscle is this?

A

Skeletal

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11
Q

What are the purple dots called? (skeletal muscle)

A

Nuclei

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12
Q

Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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13
Q

Where is skeletal muscle located?

A

Muscles of locomotion

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14
Q

Which of the following is a disease causing zoomastigophoran?

A

Giardia intestinalis

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15
Q

Certain members of the phylum Pyrrophyta produce toxins that collect in mollusks, and other marine organisms. As a result of toxin build up, marine animals such as marine mammals, and even humans that consume these shellfish, can suffer paralysis of the respiratory tract and die. This toxic buildup in certain organisms in the food chain that tend to have significant domino effects is commonly referred to as…

A

Bioaccumulation

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16
Q

A group of taxa derived from two or more different ancestors is considered:

A

Polyphyletic

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17
Q

You are serving in the U.S. Peace Corps in Cameroon, Africa. Since you have some training as a biologist in emerging disease, the government further trained you in the skills of microscopy, phlebotomy, and performance and interpretation of basic blood tests. While performing a series of blood smears on members of a local tribe, you observe the presence of tiny, flagellated microorganisms among (not inside) the erythrocytes. It is determined that a number of individuals have evidence of insect bite marks around the eyes/mouth, and indicate that there are many mosquitoes and biting flies in the area. No one in the village has mosquito nets to cover them while sleeping. Some of the pts have slipped into a coma-like sleep and cannot wake up. When the medical staff sits down to discuss the cases, you are asked for your input. Which parasite spp do you think may be responsible for these infections?

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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18
Q

Fossil specimens of the mammal-like reptile Lystrosaurus have been found in stratigraphic rock along the east coast of S. America, W Africa, and along the Antarctic continent. Which of the following accounts for the occurrence of this genus in 3 such physically disparate geographic locations?

A

Continental Drift

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19
Q

Where are protists not found?

A

None of the above (found everywhere)

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20
Q

Which scientific field seeks geo-physical explanations for disjunct distributions of organisms?

A

Vicariance Biogeography

21
Q

Which “isotope” of analysis was used to assess climate change in the Cenozoic

A

Oxygen

22
Q

When early comparative anatomists, such as George Cuvier, examined fossil specimens of Ichthyosaurs (fish lizards), extant sharks and modern dolphins, a potential misconception in constructing a phylogeny that included all three of these animal groups was based on similar morphology. In fact, similar anatomical solutions to similar environmental/habitat conditions occur in distantly related taxa. What are these similar anatomical features called?

A

Analogous Structures

23
Q

You are responsible for collection of stool samples and the performance of fecal flotations. While processing “samples” in search of a parasite ova, you detect the presence of numerous cysts roughly 10-20 microns in diameter, that almost look like faces, plus you see some trophozoites that are flagellated and are almost cute, also like faces. Upon cross-referencing the pt hxs, you note that all individuals got their drinking water from a new well, and the water wasn’t treated with chlorine or boiled before they drank it. There are abundant wild animals, including Nutria, which are like beavers. You also see that these “cyst” positive pts all had abdominal cramping and profuse, somewhat greenish diarrhea with a lot of flatulence. When you write up your interpretation of the fecal smear and floatation results, which of the following organisms do you indicate as the cause of these infections?

A

Giardia lamblia

24
Q

The ancestral character states for a taxon are called…

A

Plesiomorphies

25
Q

The delineation of spp based on percent sequence divergence of the cytochrome b gene using the “Molecular Clock” would be which of the following:

A

Genetic Species Concept

26
Q

When all individuals of a population in a specific geographic locality are essentially “wiped out” and no longer occur in that location (e.g., Tasmanian Devils used to be on mainland Australia, but due to overhunting, Dingoes, and disease (DTFD), they are only on Tasmania & Maria Island), that population is referred to as…

A

Extirpated

27
Q

The species concept, historically used in paleontological studies, where the sp is a group of organisms in which individuals conform to certain fixed properties (a type), and they are compared to the designated “holotype” which is the basis for the designation of the spp.

A

Typological Species Concept

28
Q

Which type of symbiosis is seen between lichens and cyanobacteria?

A

Mutualism

29
Q

Which of the following is a disease causing rhizopodan?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

30
Q

Blood is the habitat of which of the following?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

31
Q

A scientist who studies birds is called a(n)…

A

Ornithologist

32
Q

Natural selection is not a random process. It occurs in response to environmental selective pressures and results in adaptation. (T/F)

A

True

33
Q

A scientist who studies the systematics and evolution of reptiles and amphibians is called a(n)…

A

Herpetologist

34
Q

The ability for a mammal to maintain constant internal conditions (e.g., temperature) despite fluctuating external environmental conditions is called…

A

Homeostasis

35
Q

African Sleeping Sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei

36
Q

The ability to generate metabolic heat, and maintain a high constant body temperature despite fluctuating external temperatures is called…

A

Homeothermic endothermy

37
Q

A “Biological Species” may be best defined as which of the following?

A

A group of phenotypically similar individuals who freely interbreed under natural conditions and are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

37
Q

Natural chalk, such as that found forming the White Cliffs of Dover, is composed of tests of…

A

Foraminiferans

38
Q

A pathogen is an organism (can be a virus, bacteria, or protozoan) that is capable of causing a diseased state in an immunocompetent host. (T/F)

A

True

39
Q

When attempting to reconstruct the evolutionary hx of an organism, or group of organisms, it is generally good practice to utilize more than one type of data/character set, and or more than one type of analysis.

A

True

40
Q

When two spp live in close association and one is harmed by the association, the relationship is categorized as…

A

Parasitic

41
Q

The number and variety of spp, ecological systems, and the genetic and phenotypic variability they contain may be defined as…

A

Biodiversity

42
Q

The field that studies the geographic distribution of plants is called…

A

Phytogeography

43
Q

A sp that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is…

A

Keystone species

43
Q

When two biological species have identical resource requirements, there will be fierce competition where one sp will always win out over the other sp. As a result, no two spp may occupy the same fundamental, ecological niche. The term for this is referred to as…

A

The Competitive Exclusion Principle

44
Q

A group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and all of its descendants is considered:

A

Monophyletic

45
Q

Plants that are vascular, produce seeds, but do not flower or produce fruit.

A

Gymnosperms

46
Q

Entamoeba coli captures food by means of…

A

Pseudopods

Organismal Biology (6 decks)

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