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Organismal Biology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bivalves have a ___ circulatory system, cephalopods have a ____ circulatory system.

A

open, closed

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2
Q

In echinoderms placed in the Superclass Stelleroidea/Asteroidea, water is drawn into the water vascular system through the…

A

madreporite

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a chelicerate?

A

Hercules beetle

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4
Q

Beetles and weevils are classified into which of the following Orders:

A

Coleoptera

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5
Q

In what location are the choanocytes in Leuconoid body plans found?

A

Flagellated Chambers

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6
Q

What does an entomologist study?

A

insects

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7
Q

New World Hookworm

A

Necator americanus

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8
Q

The process by which competing species use the environment differently in a way that helps them to coexist, often sympatrically is called…

A

Resource (Niche) partitioning

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9
Q

Barnacles are…

A

Filter feeders

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10
Q

Which of the following animals possesses all 5 chordate characteristics as an adult?

A

Branchiostoma

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11
Q

The ESA is administered by which two agencies?

A

The USFWS and NOAA

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12
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia soleum

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13
Q

What is the most advanced (i.e., most derived) class of mollusks?

A

Cephalopoda

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14
Q

Which of the following could not function as a secondary reproductive isolating mechanism?

A

All could function as a secondary reproductive isolating mechanisms

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15
Q

Which of the following parasitizes humans?

A

All of these do

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16
Q

Which phylum or class contains both “parasitic” and “free-living” species?

A

Monogenea

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17
Q

Tunicates are placed into which of the following groups:

A

Urochordata

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18
Q

Heterodont dentition means that the teeth are all of the same shape (like a crocodile’s) t/f

A

False

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19
Q

Polychaete (Deep Sea Tube) worms are placed into which of the following groups:

A

Annelida

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20
Q

An scientist who studies the behavior of animals is called a(n)…

A

Ethologist

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21
Q

A class of complex organic polymers that form important structural materials in the support tissues of vascular plants and some algae/ they are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark.

A

Lignin

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22
Q

Which group of Echinodermata is the only one whose members are primarily sessile?

A

Crinoidea

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23
Q

What is the term called when the adult form retains juvenile characteristics?

A

C and D (Neoteny and Paedomorphosis)

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24
Q

Entamoeba & Amoeba are classified in

A

Rhizopoda

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25
Q

“Brittle Stars” are placed into which of the following:

A

A and B (Stelleroidea and Ophiuroidea)

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26
Q

What is the type of body cavity which is solid, filled w/embryonic mesenchymal tissue?

A

Acoelomate

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27
Q

Which of the following is pseudocoelomate?

A

Nematoda

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28
Q

The mass extinction event at the end of this period marked the greatest loss of species ever documented, up to 90% of all species terrestrial and marine/aquatic, w/up to 80% of all genera. What was this event called?

A

Permio-Triassic Extinction

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29
Q

The cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis, often accompany cattle or other marge mammals, catching insect and small vertebrate prey disturbed by these animals. This species maintains a special relationship with cattle, which extends to other large grazing mammals; wider human farming is believed to be a major cause of their suddenly expanded range, but it has been implicated in the spread of tick-bourne animal diseases. How would you categorize the symbiosis between Cattle Egrets and cattle?

A

Mutualistic

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30
Q

Mollusks are not thought, by many zoologists, to be the ancestors to annelids because they lack the one trait that most defines an annelid heritage…

A

True-segmentation

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31
Q

Terrestrial insects, such as grasshoppers, utilize a tracheal system for gas exchange. t/f

A

True

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32
Q

Briefly decribe the “MacArthur-Wilson Model” of island biogeography relative to dispersal (immigration).

A

WAITING FOR GRADE

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33
Q

Which of the following is a disease causing rhizopodan?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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34
Q

The parasite that causes the disease “trichinosis” is caused by which of the following:

A

Trichinella spiralis

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35
Q

In what location are the choanocytes in the Asconoid body plans found?

A

Spongocoel

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36
Q

Which of the following is an aquatic arthropod?

A

barnacle

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37
Q

A pathogen is an organism (can be a virus, bacteria, or protozoan) that is capable of causing a diseased state in an immunocompetent host. t/f

A

True

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38
Q

What is the most unique feature (characteristic) found in Echinodermata?

A

Water vascular system

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39
Q

What is the function of the “tegument” in trematodes & cestodes?

A

Protection from host

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40
Q

A scientist who studies the systematics and evolution of reptiles and amphibians is called a(n)…

A

Herpetologist

41
Q

Which structure/organ of the clam secretes the shell?

A

Mantle

42
Q

The speciation model where a barrier to gene flow arises and physically separates a formerly contiguous population, allowing the two populations to undergo different evolutionary trajectories and acquire, in the end, reproductive isolation is called…

A

Allopatric speciation

43
Q

African Lungfish can survive periodic drying of water bodies by producing a hardened mucous cocoon which keeps them moist until the water return. this period is referred to as…

A

Estivation

44
Q

The body surface of echinoderms, except in Holothuroidea (i.e., they have none), is usually covered with hard calcareous projections that vary from small lumps to long spines. t/f

A

False

45
Q

Which pathogen caused an epidemic of hemorrhagic fever across Africa in 2017-2018?

A

Ebola

46
Q

Onchocerca volvulus is a nematode roundworm and the causative agent of “River Blindness.” In various parts of Africa, Central and South America, in the river valleys, many village adults over the age of 30 are blind, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Humans are bitten by Black Flies, which breed in slow moving rivers, and the parasite larva is transmitted to the human host. humans are the reservoir for this disease. When the adult worms die in the human, the body elicits an immune response that can cause severe itching, and lesions in the ocular tissue which can lead to blindness. Since the Black Flies must feed on humans to pick up the parasite, to break the life cycle, the pharmaceutical company MERCK, has decided to donate as much medication as necessary in order to eradicate the parasite wherever it occurs. What is the drug that is the primary component in the medication provided by MERCK?

A

Ivermectin

47
Q

You decided to do the “alternative” fall break thing and go to Kodiak Island, Alaska which a select group of victims with Dr. A to do some small mammal trapping and ectoparasite collections for some erlichiosis tests. Towards the end of a really interesting and fun week, you wake up around noontime after spending another long night running trap lines, and you observe a Grizzly Bear pulling salmon out of the stream. Thinking that some fresh caught salmon would be a nice thing for dinner, you get a few of your teammates to go to the bear’s spot to do some “spearfishing.” After catching a few salmon, you and your crew prepare the fish “au naturale” Alaskan outback sushi style.
After about a week, you start feeling ill. Upon having a stool sample analyzed at your doctor, it is discovered that you have a parasitic infection. Numerous eggs and fragments of gravid proglottids were isolated from your stool sample. Based on your travel history and food habits, which of the following parasites is the likely culprit?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

48
Q

A species, defined as a set of organisms with a similar phenotype to each other, but a different phenotype from other sets of organisms. It includes a numerical measure of distance or similarity to cluster entities based on multivariate comparisons of a reasonably large number of phenotypic traits.

A

Phenetic species

49
Q

When two biological species have identical resource requirements, there will be fierce competition where one species will always win out over the other species. As a result, no two species may occupy the same fundamental, ecological niche. The term for this is referred to as…

A

The Competitive Exclusion Principle.

50
Q

The most diverse group of birds, also sometimes known as Oscines based on their more specialized vocal apparatus, that are known for their ability to sing complicated songs belong to which of the following taxonomic orders?

A

Passeriformes

51
Q

The oldest insects date back to the…

A

Devonian Period

52
Q

American Eels spend their adult lives in freshwater, but go to the sea in order to spawn. The movement of these fish from freshwater to marine systems to breed is called….

A

Catadromous

53
Q

Which of the following has a fish as an intermediate host?

A

Clonorchis

54
Q

A scientist who studies elasmobranchs and holocephalans is called a(n)…

A

Ichthyologist

55
Q

The arthropod exoskeleton is composed of

A

Chitin

56
Q

Ants, bees, wasps are classified into which of the following Orders:

A

Hymenoptera

57
Q

Which of the following scientists is known for his work on the “Sociobiology” of insects, and his tireless efforts communicating to the civilian and scientific public on the severity of current threats to global biodiversity.

A

E.O. Wilson

58
Q

When Napolean’s armies march on Egypt, it was said that if his armies set foot on the soil of Egypt, they would be subjected to the “Pharoah’s Curse.” History indicates that this warning was unheeded and Napolean’s armies invaded Egypt. However, historical records from Napoleon’s medical doctors described a serious illness where the men’s urine was tainted with blood (hematuria). In this case, it was caused by a parasite that infects the urinary bladder, and eggs are voided with the individual’s urine. The eggs hatch into free swimming larva called miracidia, which enter a snail host. From the snail the free swimming cercariae search for a human host and will bore through the skin and enter the bloodstream. From here, they go to the liver, then eventually to the b;adder and the cycle repeats itself. Which parasite is responsible for “Pharaoh’s Curse”?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

59
Q

What is the study of the geographic distribution of plants called?

A

Phytogeography

60
Q

Two species can have the exact same resource requirements (niche) and occupy the same geographic space if they partition the resources (t/f)

A

True

61
Q

Hybridization of two species that leads to the evolution of a third species is an example of…

A

Parapatric speciation

62
Q

Which type of photosynthetic pathway do desert-adapted plants use?

A

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)

63
Q

ESSAY: Describe the 5 characteristics all chordates possess at one point in their life cycle. Indicate what the function of each one is and what it develops into in vertebrates.

A
64
Q

The single surviving member of marine chelicerates is…

A

Limulus

65
Q

In the year 2000, a man from Vermont contracted a fatal respiratory illness from inhaling the aerosolized virus particles from dried rodent urine and feces while sweeping up his shed. that year, there were upwards of 300 cases of this illness spread over 31 states in the US. The hotbed of infection was in the “4-corners” region of this country. Which pathogenic agent is the cause of this particular disease?

A

Hantavirus

66
Q

Plants that are vascular, produce seeds, but do not flower or produce fruit.

A

Gymnosperms

67
Q

Which scientist conducted research on the impact of starfish removal on the community of Mukkaw Bay, Washington?

A

Robert Paine

68
Q

What does an Arachnologist study?

A

Ticks and mites

69
Q

Human Pinworm

A

Enterobius vermicularis

70
Q

Which group of vertebrates is the most diverse based solely on described # of species?

A

Osteichthyes

71
Q

The coelom of annelids is partitioned by which structures?

A

Septa

72
Q

What is the function of the spiracles?

A

Spiracles are a series of “portal” like openings located laterally along the abdomen of insects that functions in conjunction with the tracheal system for gas exchange/

73
Q

What is the vector of the bubonic plague

A

fleas

74
Q

The polychaete clamworm, Nereis, moves by means of…

A

Parapodia

75
Q

The species concept, historically used in paleontological studies, where the species is a group of organisms in which individuals conform to certain fixed properties (a type), and they are compared to the designated “holotype” which is the basis for the designation of the species

A

Typological species

76
Q

Which type of circulatory system do arthropods possess

A

Open

77
Q

Which scientist studied the effects of predator-prey ratios involving the impact of Killer Whales on California Sea Otters

A

Jim Estes

78
Q

A scientist who studies birds is called a(n)…

A

Ornitologist

79
Q

Which group of extant plants is the most similar to the likely ancestor of terrestrial plants? (Not ancestral green algae)

A

Charophyseans

80
Q

In 1995, medical and research personnel from the WHO, CDC, and Belgian Institute of Tropical Disease flew to Kikwit, Zaire (now DRC) in the Congo to contain and investigate an outbreak of highly contagious deadly bloodbourne disease. Which pathogen was responsible for this outbreak?

A

Ebola Virus

81
Q

Insects have a hemocoel t/f

A

True

82
Q

In the case of cichlid fish that occupy the African Rift Lakes, introduction of this species may lead to extinction of most if not all species.

A

Nile perch

83
Q

The ability for a mammal to maintain constant internal condidtinos despite fluctuating external conditions is called

A

homeostasis

84
Q

Which group of amphibians is considered the most sussessful in regards to number of species, geographic distribution and diversity of habitat types?

A

Anura

85
Q

Which of the following is an example of a strategy to avoid the cold?

A

Migration

86
Q

The function of flame cells is

A

A and C (osmoregulation and excretion of metabolic wastes)

87
Q

Viviparous animals lay eggs t/f

A

False

88
Q

Lice are classifified into which of the following Orders:

A

Anoplura

89
Q

The sticky filamentous structures released from the anal region, by rupture of the cloaca, by holothurians when attacked or irritated are called

A

tubules of Cuvier

90
Q

Which was the portion of Pangea made up by the northern continental landmasses.

A

Laurasia

91
Q

The coelcanth (Latimeria) is considered a living fossil. It is the only living descendant of the Rhipidistian fish (Eusthenopteron) that was the group thought to have evolved into the earliest amphibians. Which subclass is it placed in?

A

Crossopterygii

92
Q

Which is the largest class in phylum Mollusca

A

Gastropoda

93
Q

Which percentage of emerging infectious diseases is attributable to animal diseases that can also infect people?

A

60%

94
Q

Which of the following does not contain a species that acquire oxygen by means of a tracheal system?

A

horseshoe crabs

95
Q

Dr. Fielitz

A

Systematics

96
Q

What is an EID?

A

An EID is an emrging infectious disease that has not been observed before. Approx 60% of EIDs tend to be zoonotic.

97
Q
A
98
Q

Individual conifeer trees have both male and female pinecones t/f

A

True

Organismal Biology (6 decks)

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