Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Corrections > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Total incarcerated in prisons and jails

A
  1. 2 million

1. 5, 700k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

People on probation

A

4 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parole

A

800k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Black to White Ratio in Sentencing

A

5.6 : 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hispanic to White Ratio

A

1.8 : 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Juveniles in Custody

A

61k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State Corrections Expenditures

A

51,984,000,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Michigan spends on corrections

A

2 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Incarcerated in michigan

A

61k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prison population in US since 1980

A

300k to 1.5 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

US makes up about ___of the world’s population yet has about ____ of the world’s incarcerated population

A

5%, 25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____ incarcerated per 100,000

A

716

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Over ____ federal prisoners are there for drugs

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Women’s incarceration population has grown

A

much faster

(50%) than the men’s incarceration population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Incarceration per 100,000

A

463 white, 2841 black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1 : ___ men will be incarcerated

1: ____ white men, 1 : ___ Black

A

9, 17, 3

56, 111, 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Incarceration rate going ___ fairly steadily, even though violent crime rate has been dropping steadily. The rates co-vary independently of one another.

A

UP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Penal Populism

A

Much of our beliefs about punishment are social constructions that are created and shared through social media without any research evidence to support claims.

Appeals to popular emotion rather than thorough investigation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The New Penology

A

New penology adopts an actuarial approach in which specialists assess the risks of specific criminal subpopulations and recommend strategies to control those particular groups.

Controlling certain populations and groups, like locking up drug dealers. Not individuals, but groups. ‘Street level criminals are more dangerous than white collar criminals’

Powdered cocaine vs. Crack Cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Traditional Penology

A

Traditional penology stemmed from criminal law and criminology, with an emphasis on punishing and correcting individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

New Punitiveness

Study These Flashcards
A

Emphasis on retribution: You deserve to be punished

Political paranoia
Drug scares

Protestant fundamentalism and intolerance

Politicization of criminal justice

Racialization of crime and punishment
100:1 rule
1 gram of crack is equal to 100 grams of cocaine
Drug scares: reefer madness

22
Q

Society of spectacle vs. society of surveillance

Study These Flashcards
A

We want to watch these things, like true crime shows and celebrity murder cases. Jeffrey Dahmer

23
Q

Foucault

Study These Flashcards
A

power and control

Identifies power and control of surveillance by the state. We are being controlled in ways we don’t even know.

24
Q

Durkheim

Study These Flashcards
A

culture and meaning

We are attracted to crime and punishment because it separates us from them, it sets boundaries

25
Lex Talionis
the law of retaliation or retribution. A form of revenge.
26
Wergild
under medieval law, the money paid by offenders to compensate victims and the state for a criminal offense
27
Code of Hammurabi
Mesopotamia (Modern Iran and Iraq) Comprehensive and standardized laws 282 laws with specified crimes and punishments Fair retribution “eye for an eye” Discriminatory; distinguished among punishments by social class.
28
Roman Law
``` The Twelve Tables (450 B.C.) were earliest attempt to document Roman Law. Codes designed to protect the interests of wealthy and the commoners. Justinian Codes (529 A.D.) – a collection of past laws (the Twelve Tables) and the opinions of legal jurists. Serves as foundation for civil law. ```
29
Salic Law
Early Germanic law that replaced Roman Law. Comprised largely of fines or wergild. Based on a clearly defined class system area, quantified by the wergild associated with each of them. Higher class = less punishment The more powerful the victim of a crime, the more severe the fine or punishment.
30
Enlightenment
Challenged the dominant status quo of the church and tried to understand human behavior based on rationality and not so much God.
31
Classical School of Crim
Guiding principles: rationality and utility (greatest good for the greatest number of people) Theorists: Beccaria, Bentham, Howard
32
Cesare Beccaria
• Utility as rationale for punishment. (Social contract of restraint) • Crime is not about harm to the individual, it is considered harm to the state. • 6 principles for reform: Greatest happiness for the greatest number. Crime is an injury to society. Prevention over punishment. Due process. Deterrence instead of revenge. Imprisonment improvements.
33
Jeremy Bentham
``` • Utilitarianism. • Hedonistic calculus. Human behavior is motivated by hedonism. Pleasure seekers vs. avoiding pain • Reform criminal laws. Must develop laws and punishments that are painful enough to keep them from committing crimes. Must be rational and proportionate. • Focus on deterrence and prevention. • No capital punishment • Rehabilitation a priority. • Panopticon. ```
34
John Howard
• Penitentiary Act of 1779. • Institutional reform Separate men from women, children from adults. Dangerous prisoners from non violent offenders. • Jails need to be safe, sanitary, and humane. • Focus on programming for discipline, religious indoctrination, and labor. Died of jail fever.
35
Walnut Street Jail
* Early on was an unsafe, inhumane facility. * Quaker leadership implemented humanistic and religious ideas. * Emphasized reform of individual. * Inner light or God’s grace achieved through penance and silent contemplation.
36
Pennsylvania System
Separate Confinement | Sought to produce honest persons
37
New York System
Congregate system Sought to create obedient citizens Turned into a form of slave labor
38
Comparision
• Both believed in the need to separate offenders from outside society. • Pennsylvania model oriented toward religious craft society. Viewed as more archaic • New York model was more influenced by emerging industrial era. Viewed as more modern and the direction we needed to go
39
Elimira Reformatory
• Emphasis on education. • Built reformatories to look like schools. • First-time, younger felons. • Mark system of classification. Reward system when met or exceeded expectations • Indeterminate sentences. Length of the sentence based on the conduct of the prisoners • Parole. • Whip and solitary confinement were also used regularly. • Make individuals responsible for their behavior and provide rewards for when they do well. • Very modern ideas at the time – education and responsibility
40
Crime control and just deserts
Nothing works” study. - Martinson Led to conservatives saying we need to get tougher on crime Led to movement of crime control • Increasing emphasis on formal social control. • Increase in crime. • Increase in incarceration.
41
General Deterrence
Laws and punishments that will discourage most of society away from engaging in deviant behavior. Punishing Danielle will keep people from committing crimes
42
Specific Deterrence
Punishing Danielle will keep Danielle specifically from committing crime
43
Retribution/Just Deserts
Lex Talionas – People deserved to be punished and the state will administer that punishment.
44
Restorative Justice
Holistic approach – When a crime is committed, there are victims who merit attention and time from the state, and those victims need help coping with victimization. (Mediation, Restitution, Victim Compensation) Offenders must compensate the victims
45
Equity/Restitution
Providing financial compensation that the offender must pay
46
Indeterminate Sentences
Range of penalties in which the person being incarcerated must person certain duties in order to meet requirements which will let them get out sooner. Helps with ‘rehabilitation’ as it provides motivation to be good and get out early
47
Determinate Sentences
Flat sentences. Meets retribution but doesn’t allow for rehabilitation
48
Truth in Sentencing
Prisoners must serve 85-90% of their earliest eligible parole date
49
Alternative Sanctions
Probation, intensive supervision, tethers, house arrest, boot camps. Something other than traditional incarceration
50
Concurrent v. Consecutive
Concurrent is all sentences to be served at the same time, consecutive sentences mean all sentences run one after the other.

Corrections (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions