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E Asian Poli Systems > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Traditional China:

A

Agrarian economy, Confucianism, tributary systems

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2
Q

Traditional Chinese dynasties

A

Emperor, merit-based bureaucracy, grass roots gentry politics

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3
Q

Traditional China economy

A

Subsistence economy, man to land ratio, extractive elites, nonvalued tech

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4
Q

Classes in traditional China

A

1) Gentry scholars (officials, landlords)
2) peasant farmers (producers, tied to land)
3) artisans (nonessential)
4) merchants (dangerous, wealthy, could not take exams)

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5
Q

Confucianism

A

Set of virtues; everyone has position= harmonious society; humanism=altruism for all, central to ideology; Justice, loyalty, filial piety; practice through ceremony (li) and punishment (fa)

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6
Q

Hundred schools of thought

A

Legalism= rule by law
Daoism= nature
Mohism= universal love
Buddhism

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7
Q

Why is China the center of e asia?

A

Age, size, wealth

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8
Q

Chinese world order- foreign relations

A

Extension of admin w/ tributary system; merchant trade, exchange gifts

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9
Q

Imperial China collapse bc

A

Traditional dynasty decline
Industrializing west & Japan
Vassal rebellions, peasant uprisings, external invasion, usurpation by powerful officials

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10
Q

Qing dynasty

A

Population growth, corruption and natural disasters, weak successor

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11
Q

4 great rebellions of Qing dynasty

A

Taiping- heartland of China, hurt economy
Nian
NW/SW Muslim- not threatening bc outskirts

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12
Q

Qing rebellions impact

A

1) economic
2) rise of han provincial leaders (local armies)
3) ideological orthodoxy: Mandate of Heaven as non-han

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13
Q

External challenges to Qing

A

Opium wars, sino-french, sino-japanese, boxer intl

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14
Q

Consequences of opium wars

A

Unequal treaty, sovereignty loss (open trade ports, extraterritoriality; no tariff control); spheres of influence & us open door policy

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15
Q

Treaty of Nanjing 1842

A

Trade ports forced open, British took Hong Kong, China pays indemnity, tariffs limited

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16
Q

Open door policy year

A

1899

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17
Q

Boxer rebellion

A

Anti-foreign, squashed by europe, us and Japan; had to pay $333 mil & allow military in Beijing; righteous & harmonious fists

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18
Q

3 responses in China to foreigners

A

Nativist: should isolate, focus on central ideology
Selective modernizer: stick to Confucianism, use tech from West, self-strengthening
Iconoclast modernizer: must establish a republic, turn to west

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19
Q

Xinhai Revolution

A

1911 wuchang uprising, founding Republic of China in 1912

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20
Q

Why was there a revolution in China in 1912?

A

Social conditions, people stopped believing Confucianism, lots of revolutionary groups, railway movement distracted the military

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21
Q

May fourth movement

A

Uni students attacked social organizations; new culture movement; Tiananmen square March–> anti-Japan

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22
Q

21 demands

A

From Japan, national humiliation, so may fourth, GMD, CCP; first attempt at mobilizing all populations

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23
Q

Nationalist: Sun Yat-Sen’s three principles

A

1) nationalism: end of foreign imperialism
2) democracy: gov by people (tutelage first, 5-Yuan system)
3) people’s livelihood: progressivism & socialism

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24
Q

First United front

Study These Flashcards
A

1924-1927; CCP had propaganda and Chiang Kai-shek had military

25
Nanjing decade 1927-1937
Economy developed but corruption & communists; Japan invaded Manchuria-Xi'an incident-civil war-second United front-civil war-1949 PRC est
26
Chinese communist rise to power
1) labor mobilization 2) first United front 3) adapting to countryside (jiangxi) 4) long march 5) yan'an era 6) second civil war
27
CCP labor mobilization 1921-23
Proletariat was too small
28
First United front 1924-27
For more numbers and military protection, ended w/ communist massacre
29
Jiangxi soviets 1929-34
Mao dev 4 crucial ideas: land reform, political activity among peasants, govern territory under CCP, military in countryside
30
Long march 1935-35
Changed strategic location to Yan'an- already small communist base, beyond GMD military, allowed base in N China when Japan invaded
31
Yan'an Era
Growth; major developments- consolidation Mao rule, 1945 party constitution, 1942-44 thought reform Party values: decentralized rule, ideology to keep cadre's loyal, officials w/ broad leadership, close ties w/ local populace, egalitarianism
32
Second Civil war 1947
Recruited peasants w/ land reform, used geurilla warfare on CCP, chan ging negotiations 3 campaigns: liaoshen- CCP advantage bc communist north; huai-hai- Beijing surrender; pingjin 1949: GMD retreat
33
Chinese communist party
Rural membership, role of strategy and will, linkage with masses
34
Tokugawa period
1600-1868; no war
35
Oda nobunagawa
Ruthless, gained 1/3 Japan, 1555
36
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Alliance building; 1591
37
Tokugawa ieyasu
Began Tokugawa shogunate; reduce castles, forbade alliances, alternate attendance
38
Tokugawa iemitsu
1623-1651; enforced political settlements
39
3 daimyo in Tokugawa period
Fudai: hereditary vassals of Tokugawa; filled admin ranks Tozama: outsiders, were equals before est. Shogunate, so were excluded Shinpan: non-daimyo relatives of Tokugawa shoguns, did not have a place in bureaucracy
40
1800s crisis of Tokugawa shogunate
Internal: ecological, merit v hereditary succession, debt External: 1853: matthew perry from U.S. demands trade 1858: treaty of kanagawa Massive inflation-> protests
41
1858 treaty of kanagawa
Open ports, limit tariffs, extended to France, Britain, Russia
42
Who fought in Tokugawa 1800s
Ruling bafuku, powerful daimyo, loyalist samurai
43
Satsuma & Croshu insurgency
Loyalist samurai civil war; Tokugawa steps down 1867, 1868 Meiji restoration
44
How did Meiji restoration modernize and westernize?
Constitutional diet; power consolidation; enhance emperor authority; civil service exam; abolish daimyo domains/feudal system; eliminate status system (changed ranking); samurais lost income and prestige; modern education system; strong army (conscription, navy)
45
Charter oath of 1868
All matters are public discussion
46
1889 constitution
Drafted in private; v symbolic
47
Economic reforms in Meiji restoration
1875 introduce land tax Building up infrastructure State has central role, building up enterprises
48
Meiji imperialism
``` 1876 treaty of kangwha opened up 3 ports; military advisors to korea to rid Qing; 1885 Osaka incident 1874 Taiwan conflict Sino-japanese war Russo-japanese war 1910 annex korea ```
49
China v Japan on modernizing
China would not adapt; nativism | Japan wanted to learn, join europe
50
Meiji diet
House of rep- 1/3 former samurai; elected | House of peers- not elected
51
How did Meiji create nationalism?
Shinto shrines must register to home ministry; ministry of education
52
Taisho era
1914; parliamentary politics formed by parties
53
Taisho parties
Seiyukai, kenseika, minseito
54
Why did parliamentary politicos work in taisho era?
Partners with bureaucrats and military Shared social terms with elites Pork barrell
55
Why did parliamentary politics not work in taisho era?
Emperor's rule is only constitutional; military and bureaucracy are not accountable; structural issues (house of peers not elected, oligarchs/elder statesmen, political terror); ideological challenges
56
Why did taisho era end?
Great Depression + return of gold standard | Kwangtung army in Manchuria- more aggressive, but helped economy
57
Social masses party Japan
Purification campaigns; used authoritarian rule
58
Sino-japanese war
1937-1945; Marco Polo bridge began
59
What allowed japanese gov in WWII
Economic: industry monopolies Political: Japan gov cohesive like nazi's Cultural: fight modernity

E Asian Poli Systems (4 decks)

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