quiz Flashcards
(25 cards)
What was Gordon Allport’s theory of traits about?
focused on describing traits, not explaining them
In Allports trait theory, there were 3 ways to classify traits.. what were they?
Secondary Traits, Central Traits, and Cardinal Traits
What are secondary traits?
they are general, personal ideosyncransies
- easy to modify (food preferences, fashion, ect)
- not useful for understanding personality
What are Central Traits?
major characteristic of a person
- fairly enduring (daily basis), not easy to modify without a lot of work.
- possible to change but takes effort
- might have about 5-10 of these traits
What is a cardinal trait?
most defining trait about a person.
not everyone has one.
defines a persons entire way of being, interacting, and thinking.
definitely not a modifiable trait.
what are the big 5 personality factors?
- openness
- conscientiousness
- extraversion
- agreeableness
- neuroticism
octopuses consider eating ass next
what are the two sides of the ‘openness’ trait scale?
- practical, prefers routines
//
- imaginative, prefers variety, independent
what are the two sides of the conscientiousness trait?
- disorganized, careless, impulsive
//
- organized, careful, disciplined
what are the two sides of the extraversion trait?
- retiring, sober, reserved
//
- sociable, fun loving, affectionate
what are the two sides of the agreeableness trait?
- ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative
//
soft hearted, trusting, helpful
what are the two sides of the neuroticism (emotionally stable vs. unstable) trait?
- calm, secure, self satisfied
//
- anxious, insecure, self-pitying
What were Albert Banduras two main ideas?
social - cognitive theory…
reciprocal determinism
self-efficacy
what is reciprocal determinism?
interactions between
IPF [internal personal factors] cognitions (beliefs, expectations, and thoughts)
environmental factors (other people or external stimuli that influences us)
and behaviours. (observable actions)
one of these things affects the other. they are all connected.
what is self efficacy?
competency in a particular domain, task, or situation.
its how we perceive our competence in different areas of life.
it sort of contributes to the idea of reciprocal determinism
What are the defence mechanisms? (7)
PROJECTION = disguising your own anxiety by attributing it to another
RATIONALIZATION = attempting to prove that one’s behaviour is rational and justifiable and thus worthy of approval of self and others
DISPLACEMENT = discharing pent up feelings, usually of hostility and taking them out on a ‘safer’ less threatening option (kids)
DENIAL = protecting self from unpleasant reality by refusing to perceive it.
REPRESSION = pushing painful or dangerous thoughts into unconscious
REGRESSION = retreating to earlier developmental levels involving more childish responses to soothe or calm.
REACTION FORMATION = switching unacceptable emotions into the opposite so that you don’t have to deal with the reality of the situation.
What is the psychoanalytic theory?
unconscious mind, emotions, sex, sexuality
what are the three levels of consciousness in the psychoanalytic theory?
THE ‘ID’ = (unconscious energy)
- follows the hedonistic pleasure principle
THE EGO = ‘reality principle’ understands reality and also understand the superego and acts as a mediator between the two.
* if you have a strong ego it will keep your impulses ‘id’ in check***
SUPEREGO = morality.
a weak superego would look like criminal behaviour.
what kind of defence mechanism would ‘motivated forgetting’ be apart of?
for instance you don’t want to think about something, so you just forget it. i.e. that you had to pay your bills
repression
what kind of defence mechanism would this be?
going home after a difficult day, getting into your pj’s and curling up in the fetal position?
regression
what type of defence mechanism would this be?
saying that you hate a person, that you really love, so that you don’t have to feel the pain of their rejection?
Reaction formation
what would this type of defence mechanism be?
saying that everyone in the workplace gossips so much, when you are really the one who gossips a lot?
Projection
what were Freuds major assumptions?
1) there are three levels of consciousness
2) there is a mind structure (the psyche)
3) as needed, defence mechanisms are deployed without you knowing
what defines mechanism would this be an example of?
someone with a drinking problem might say, I’m not an alcoholic, I’m just a social drinker
rationalization
what might this be an example of ?
if a parent got yelled at by their boss, then came home and yelled at their kids?
displacement
