Quiz 12 - Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

Consolidation on a chest x-ray most likely points to:

a. pneumonia
b. COPD.
c. Asthma
d. Lung Cancer

Answer 1

a. pneumonia

Question 2

A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by cystic fibrosis. Which of the following is expected?

a. increased residual volume.
b. increased tidal volume.
c. decreased respiratory rate.
d. decreased tidal volume.

Answer 2

d. decrease tidal volume

Question 3

Type II pneumocyte damage causes:

a. Increased alveolocapillary permeability
b. Chemotaxis for neutrophils
c. Exudation of fluids from capillaries into interstitium
d. decreased surfactant

Answer 3

d. decreased surfactant

Question 4

Chronic bronchitis:

a. is caused by a lack of surfactant.
b. is caused by air pollutants.
c. exhibits a dry cough.
d. causes collapsed alveoli.

Answer 4

b. is caused by air pollutants.

Can be caused by air pollutants or more commonly smoking

Question 5

A 45-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months’ duration. Which of the following is most likely to cause this condition?

a. chronic asthma.
b. air pollution.
c. cigarette smoke.
d. recurrent pneumonia.

Answer 5

c. cigarette smoke.

Question 6

A 30-year-old male is experiencing respiratory failure. Which of the following lab values would be expected?

a. electrolyte imbalances
b. low PaCO2
c. low haematocrit
d. low blood pH

Answer 6

Not b. low PaCO2 try low pH

Question 7

Airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma is related to:

a. increased sympathetic nervous system response.
b. the release of stress hormones.
c. exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation.
d. hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness.

Answer 7

c. exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation.

Question 8

Which CNS tract is responsible for carrying sensory information from the nociceptors to the brain?

a. spinothalamic
b. corticospinal
c. corticobulbular
d. reticulospinal

Answer 8

a. spinothalamic

Question 9

Cystic fibrosis is an:

a. autosomal recessive disease.
b. autosomal dominant disease.
c. X-linked recessive disease.
d. X-linked dominant disease

Answer 9

a. autosomal recessive disease.

Question 10

A massive pulmonary embolism will most likely lead to:

a. damage to the lung microcapillaries.
b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
c. disseminated intravascular coagulation.
d. shock and death.

Answer 10

d. shock and death.

Question 11

A 65-year-old female with emphysema presents to the ED for difficulty breathing. Physical exam reveals bluish skin and mucous membranes. This condition is referred to as:

Answer 11

cyanosis.

Question 12

A 28-year-old male complains to his GP that he has had a cold for a week and is coughing up bloody secretions. This symptom is referred to as:

Answer 12

haemoptysis.

Question 13

Pneumonia is caused by:

Answer 13

viral or bacterial infections.

Question 14

The condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but do not have adequate perfusion is called:

Answer 14

alveolar dead space.

Question 15

A 45-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months’ duration. Which of the following is the most significant concern in this patient?

Answer 15

recurrent pulmonary infections.

Question 16

A 60-year-old female with emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air. She is most likely experiencing _____ pulmonary disease.

Answer 16

obstructive

Question 17

A massive pulmonary embolism will most likely lead to:

Answer 17

shock and death

Question 18

A 52-year-old female presents with chronic bronchitis. Tests reveal closure of the airway during expiration. This condition is most likely caused by:

Answer 18

thick mucus from hypertrophied glands.

Question 19

Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:

Answer 19

mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction and airway oedema.

Question 20

Which of the following shows a correct cause and effect sequence in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Answer 20

a massive inflammatory response causing alveolar-capillary membrane injury.

Question 21

A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Which of the following symptoms most likely occurred before treatment?

Answer 21

chest pain and shortness of breath

Question 22

Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema most often present with:

Answer 22

dyspnoea.

Kathy hunched over at the table because she is short of breath

Question 23

A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide levels. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Answer 23

hyperventilation

Question 24

A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should she recognise as part of an asthmatic attack?

Answer 24

wheezing

Joe is wheezing when he laughs

Question 25

A person with a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) defect has hypoxemia and is treated with supplemental O2. The supplemental O2 will be most helpful if the person's predominant V/Q defect is

Answer 25

low V/Q ventilation/perfusion

Question 26

A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. His airways are obstructed because of

Answer 26

loss of elastic recoil

Question 27

The pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome produces hypoxemia that is refractory to oxygen therapy due to:

Answer 27

Profound intrapulmonary shunting past alveoli with no ventilation.

Question 28

A 1-year-old child with cystic fibrosis would demonstrate elevated levels of which of these compounds in both sweat and salivary gland secretions?

Answer 28

chloride. Cliffy is sweating and spitting chloride

Question 29

A 65-year-old male recently had a cerebrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. This condition could cause:

Answer 29

pneumonia

Question 30

Consolidation on a chest x-ray most likely points to:

Answer 30

pneumonia

Question 31

A 10-year-old female develops pneumonia following a urinary tract infection. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. She reports that breathing is difficult and she feels she cannot get enough air. This symptom is referred to as:

Answer 31

dyspnoea

Question 32

Virchow's triad includes all of the following except: a. Hypercoagulable state b. Vascular wall injury c. Venous Thrombosis d. Circulatory stasis

Answer 32

Venous Thrombosis

Question 33

Reduced oxygenation of arterial blood is called:

Answer 33

hypoxaemia

Question 34

A 42-year-old female presents with dyspnoea, rapid, shallow breathing, inspiratory crackles, decreased lung compliance and hypoxaemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterised by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolar-capillary injury. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 34

acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Question 35

Which of the following statements regarding cystic fibrosis is correct? a. It is caused by a bacterial infection. b. It can be prevented by a vaccine. c. It is associated with a genetic defect in chloride ion transport. d. It affects only the pulmonary system.

Answer 35

c. It is associated with a genetic defect in chloride ion transport.

Question 36

A 60-year-old female with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. She has an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter because of:

Answer 36

air trapping.

Question 37

Extrinsic/allergic asthma

Answer 37

Is due to an antigen-antibody reaction on the IgE-bearing mast cells

Question 38

A low ventilation-perfusion ratio results in:

Answer 38

shunting

Question 39

90% of pulmonary emboli results from clots formed in veins of the:

Answer 39

Legs and Pelvis

Question 40

Pathophysiologic differences between emphysema and chronic bronchitis include the fact that: a. Emphysema is characterised by hypersecretion of goblet and mucus cells. b. Chronic bronchitis commonly results in polycythemia to compensate for persistent hypoxemia. c. Chronic bronchitis produces destruction of alveolar walls. d. Emphysema is due to chronic inflammation resulting in fibrotic airways.

Answer 40

b. Chronic bronchitis commonly results in polycythemia to compensate for persistent hypoxemia.