Quiz 6 - Haematological Disorders Flashcards
(43 cards)
A 54-year-old male complains that he has been vomiting blood (haematemesis). Tests reveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his condition?
a. thrombosis in the spleen
b. cirrhosis of the liver
c. left ventricular failure
d. renal stenosis
b. cirrhosis of the liver
A 31-year-old female presents with mid-abdominal pain. She is suspected to have acute pancreatitis. Which of the following laboratory results is/are most specific to this diagnosis?
a. low haematocrit and haemoglobin
b. elevated white blood cell count
c. elevated serum amylase
d. hyperglycaemia
c. elevated serum amylase
Gastric-oesophageal reflux is:
a. caused by rapid gastric emptying.
b. excessive contraction of the upper oesophageal sphincter.
c. associated with abdominal surgery.
d. caused by malfunctioning of the lower oesophageal sphincter.
d. caused by malfunctioning of the lower oesophageal sphincter.
A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. This condition is most likely caused by:
a. hereditary hormonal imbalances with low gastrin levels.
b. breaks in the mucosa and the presence of corrosive secretions.
c. decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement.
d. gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux.
b. breaks in the mucosa and the presence of corrosive secretions.
Problems associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:
a. hyperbilirubinaemia and jaundice.
b. fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
c. impaired ammonia clearance.
d. decreased cerebral blood flow.
c. impaired ammonia clearance.
Coeliac disease is an auto-immune disorder due to hypersensitivity to
a. lactose.
b. sucrose.
c. gluten.
d. leptin.
c. gluten.
A 22-year-old female just delivered a healthy baby girl. She suffered from eclampsia during her pregnancy, and on the second postnatal day she complained of bleeding gums and bruising on her arms and legs. Haematology lab tests indicate she has disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Further testing reveals an increase in:
a. platelets.
b. haematocrit.
c. fibrin degradation products (FDPs).
d. factor X.
c. fibrin degradation products
Thrombocytopenia may be:
a. transient or consistent.
b. normal or abnormal.
c. congenital or acquired.
d. active or inactive.
c. congenital or acquired.
The fundamental alteration of anaemia is a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood resulting in tissue hypoxia.
True or False
True
Haemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when:
a. an Rh positive mother is sensitised against an Rh positive baby.
b. an Rh negative mother is sensitised against an Rh positive baby.
c. an Rh positive mother is sensitised against an Rh negative baby.
d. an Rh negative mother is sensitised against an Rh negative baby
b. an Rh negative mother is sensitised against an Rh positive baby.
Which of the following laboratory measurements provides information on the relative size of erythrocytes?
a.
haematocrit
b. mean cell volume (MCV)
c. mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)d.
mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
b. mean cell volume (MCV)
A 67-year-old female has chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. The primary cause of her anaemia is most likely:
a. vitamin B12 deficiency.
b. iron deficiency.
c. folate deficiency.
d. bone marrow failure.
b. iron deficiency.
A 15-year-old male is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. The most likely cause is:
a. adenovirus.
b. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
c. cytomegalovirus (CMV).
d. Toxoplasma gondii.
b. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
Leucocytosis can be defined as:
a. a normal leucocyte count.
b. a high leucocyte count.
c. a low leucocyte count.
d. another term for leucopenia.
b. a high leucocyte count.
A 5-year-old female is diagnosed with acute leukaemia. She will most likely be treated with:
a. bone marrow transplant.
b. immunotherapy.
c. chemotherapy.d.
localised radiation therapy.
c. chemotherapy.
Lymphadenopathy resulting from neoplastic disease, is due to malignant proliferation of:
a. erythrocytes.
b. neutrophils.
c. basophils
d. lymphocytes.
d. lymphocytes.
A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with leukaemia. Which of the following symptoms would be expected?
a. fatigue
b. jaundice
c. irritability
d. bradycardia
a. fatigue
A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with lymphadenopathy. The most likely finding leading to this diagnosis is:
a. small, hard lymph nodes.
b. disordered lymph nodes.
c. nonpalpable, nontender lymph nodes.
d. enlarged lymph nodes.
d. enlarged lymph nodes
Erythrocytes that are _____ , are smaller in size that normal.
a. hyperchromic
b. hypochromic
c. macrocytic
d. microcytic
d. microcytic
A 25-year-old female has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood. Which of the following adaptations could be expected?
a. movement of fluid into the cell
b. decreased cardiac output
c. decreased oxygen release from haemoglobin
d. capillary dilation
d. capillary dilation
What haemodynamic change occurs after initial compensation for a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes?
a. increased viscosity of blood
b. decreased cardiac output
c. altered coagulation
d. hyperdynamic blood flow
d. hyperdynamic blood flow
A 52-year-old male IV drug user was diagnosed with hepatitis C 5 years ago. He is now experiencing impaired blood clotting. A decrease in which of the following vitamins could be the cause?
a. K
b. D
c. E
d. B12
a. K
Leucopenia can be defined as:
a. a normal leucocyte count.
b. a high leucocyte count.
c. a low leucocyte count.
d. another term for leucocytosis.
c. a low leucocyte count
A 15-year-old male with infectious mononucleosis is being given instructions on how to prevent the spread of this infection to others. Which statement represents a correct instruction?
a. Wear a surgical mask when others are in the room.
b. Do not share drinking glasses or eating utensils.
c. Avoid all contact with other people.
d. No precautions are necessary.
b. Do not share drinking glasses or eating utensils.
