Quiz 2 - Cellular Injury/Neoplasia Flashcards
(37 cards)
A 50-year old male discovers a mass growing in his mouth. A biopsy reveals that the mass is benign. Which of the following treatments would most likely be recommended?
a. surgical removal
b. hormonal therapy
c. radiation.
d. no treatment.
a. surgical removal
Gastrointestinal alterations, such as nausea and mucosal erosions, are common side effects of chemotherapy treatment because:
a. chemotherapy slows gastric secretions.
b. chemotherapy agents target rapidly dividing cells such as those in the oral and intestinal linings.
c. chemotherapy is usually administered orally.
d. chemotherapy agents stimulate the pathogenic gastrointestinal flora to release toxins.
b. chemotherapy agents target rapidly dividing cells such as those in the oral and intestinal linings.
In distinguishing ageing from diseases:
a. it is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
b. it is easy to tell normal processes from abnormal processes.
c. disease, unlike ageing, has a genetic component.
d. ageing is a pathological process.
a. it is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
Which feature is characteristic of a malignant tumour?
a. grows slowly
b. has a well-defined capsule
c. invades local tissues and structures
d. cells are well-differentiated
c. invades local tissues and structures
Common sites of metastasis are:
a. liver, bone, lungs and brain.
b. kidney, pancreas, bladder and brain.
c. liver, stomach, pancreas and colon.
d. liver, stomach, lungs and brain.
a. liver, bone, lungs and brain.
Metastasis is:
a. an alteration in normal cellular growth.
b. growth of benign or malignant neoplastic cells.
c. the ability to establish a secondary neoplasm at a new site.
d. benign.
c. the ability to establish a secondary neoplasm at a new site.
What is the probable cause of hydropic swelling in the early stages of cell injury?
a. fat inclusions
b. loss of genetic integrity
c. hydrolytic enzyme activation
d. Na+-K+ pump fails to remove intracellular Na+
d. Na+-K+ pump fails to remove intracellular Na+
What microorganism is responsible for ‘gas gangrene’ where bubbles of toxic gas bubbles form within infected tissues?
a. Streptococcus
b. Staphylococcus
c. Clostridium
d. Mycobacterium
c. Clostridium
A 90-year old woman presents at the emergency department with a blackened, wrinkled toe. There is a line of inflammatory reaction between the blackened area and the healthy tissue. The mostly likely diagnosis is:
a. caseous necrosis.
b. fat gangrene.
c. dry gangrene.
d. liquefactive necrosis.
c. dry gangrene.
Cell death results when the injury to the cell is too severe or prolonged to allow cell adaptation or repair.
True
False
True
Benign tumours are called cancers.
True
False
False
Which feature is characteristic of a benign tumour?
a. grows slowly
b. has a well-defined capsule
c. cells are well-differentiated
d. all the above
d. all the above
Liquefactive necrosis occurs in the brain because:
a. debris is not digested by hydrolases.
b. of protein denaturation.
c. the brain is rich in hydrolytic enzymes and lipids.
d. ischaemia results in chemical injury.
c. the brain is rich in hydrolytic enzymes and lipids.
Cellular dissolution caused by lipases is associated with:
a. coagulative necrosis.
b. liquefactive necrosis.
c. fat necrosis.
d. caseous necrosis.
c. fat necrosis
A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Testing reveals the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. This cancer would be stage:
a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 4.
c. 3.
A 30-year old female is diagnosed with breast cancer. Histological analysis of her tumour biopsy shows the cells to be generally well differentiated. This tumour would be graded:
a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 4.
a. 1.
Apoptosis is a process in which cells program themselves to:
a. atrophy.
b. die.
c. regenerate.
d. age.
b. die.
A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, areas of lung tissue were soft and granular like clumped cheese. Which of the following processes is likely to have occurred?
a. coagulative necrosis
b. liquefactive necrosis
c. caseous necrosis
d. autolysis
c. caseous necrosis
A 25-year-old female develops a tumour of the breast glandular tissue. This type of tumour is classified as:
a. carcinoma.
b. adenocarcinoma.
c. sarcoma.
d. lymphoma.
b. adenocarcinoma.
The best explanation for higher rates of cancer in older populations is:
a. ageing cells are more susceptible to mutation.
b. the development of cancer requires several mutations over time.
c. older individuals have higher rates of tobacco use.
d. the elderly show increased rates of apoptosis.
b. the development of cancer requires several mutations over time.
During hydropic swelling, there is a shift of extracellular water into the cells associated with:
a. fat inclusions.
b. loss of genetic integrity.
c. hydrolytic enzyme activation.
d. increasing intracellular Na+.
d. increasing intracellular Na+.
Which of the following is the most significant cause of complications and death in cancer patients?
a. anaemia
b. leucopenia
c. thrombocytopenia
d. infection
d. infection
A 50-year-old female is suffering from anorexia, anaemia, severe tissue wasting and weight loss. She was previously diagnosed with cancer. Which of the following describes her clinical manifestations?
a. fatigue
b. cachexia
c. paraneoplastic syndrome
d. acute phase response
b. cachexia
Progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles is referred to as:
a. adaptation.
b. pathological calcification.
c. apoptosis.
d. necrosis.
d. necrosis.
