Quiz 2

Question 1

What are the 3 basic types of reactions in cells

Answer 1

• Synthesis (A + B -> AB) - builds, needs energy
  
  • Decomposition (AB -> A + B) - breaks, releases energy
  • Exchange (AB + C -> AC + B) - swaps

Question 2

How do isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions affect animal cells?

Answer 2

• Isotonic - no change
  
  • Hypertonic - water leaves, cell shrinks (crenates)
  • Hypotonic - water enters, cell swells/bursts (lysis)

Question 3

What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 3

• Saturated - no double bonds, straight, solid at room temp (e.g., butter)
  
  • Unsaturated - double bonds, bent, liquid (e.g., olive oil)

Question 4

What is osmosis and how does it work?

Answer 4

• Water moves from low solute to high solute
  
  • Passive (no energy required)

Question 5

What are the 3 types of mixtures?

Answer 5

• Solution - clear, tiny particles (e.g., salt water)
  
  • Colloid - cloudy, don’t settle (e.g., milk)
  • Suspension - large particles settle (e.g., blood)

Question 6

What is the structure of a water molecule and why is it polar?

Answer 6

• H2O: two hydrogens, one oxygen
  
  • Bent/V-shape from lone electron pairs
  • Polar: O = slightly negative, H = slightly positive -> hydrogen bonds