Quiz 3 Chemistry Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy in action.
What is potential energy?
Stored energy.
What are the four forms of energy in the body?
Chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant.
What four elements make up 96% of the human body?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
What is the atomic number?
Number of protons in an atom.
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What are the three types of chemical bonds?
Ionic, covalent, hydrogen.
What happens in an ionic bond?
Electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
What is a polar covalent bond?
Unequal sharing of electrons creating partial charges (dipole).
What type of bond holds water molecules together?
Hydrogen bonds.
What are the three types of mixtures?
Solutions, colloids, suspensions.
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture with evenly distributed solute in a solvent.
What is a colloid?
A heterogeneous mixture where solute particles don’t settle.
What is a suspension?
A mixture where large particles settle out over time (e.g., blood).
What are the three types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, decomposition, exchange.
What is an exergonic reaction?
A reaction that releases energy.
What is an endergonic reaction?
A reaction that absorbs energy.
What is an acid?
A proton (H⁺) donor.
What is a base?
A proton (H⁺) acceptor; often releases OH⁻.
What is the pH scale range?
0 (acid) to 14 (base); 7 is neutral.
What does a low pH indicate?
High hydrogen ion concentration (acidic).
What does a high pH indicate?
Low hydrogen ion concentration (basic).
What does it mean that the pH scale is logarithmic?
Each step is a 10× difference in H⁺ concentration.
