Quiz #2

Question 1

What does an erection result from?

Answer 1

-From sexual stimulation

Question 2

What are some of the stimuli that cause an erection in the male?

Answer 2

-Smell and behavioral changes

Question 3

What is going on with the blood flow to the penis during an erection?

Answer 3

-Blood enters the penis via the arteries and leaves via the veins

Question 4

Gestation

Answer 4

-The length of the pregnancy

Question 5

Parturition

Answer 5

-The act of giving birth

Question 6

Lactation

Answer 6

-Milk production secreted by the mammary glands

Question 7

Copulation

Answer 7

-The act of breeding

Question 8

What is ejaculation? What is it produced by?

Answer 8

-The reflex expulsion of semen by the penis
-it is produced by continuation of stimulation of the penis

Question 8

How do camelids copulate?

Answer 8

-They breed kneeling

Question 9

Explain the 1st and 2nd stages of ejaculatio

Answer 9

-1st stage: movement of the sperm from the epididymis and fluid from the accessory reproductive glands to the urethra.
-2nd stage: Rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle around the urethra pump the seamen out of the urethra into the female reproductive tract

Question 10

Where is semen deposited in the female during ejaculation? What are the exceptions?

Answer 10

-in the upper portions of the vagina
-Exception: horses and pig-the seamen is deposited through the cervix and into the uterus

Question 11

When do spermatozoa start swimming?

Answer 11

-As soon as they are deposited in the female reproductive tract

Question 12

What helps to transport the sperm to the ovum?

Answer 12

-uterine contractions
-cilia in the oviducts

Question 13

Why must sperm reach the oviducts before the ovum?

Answer 13

-So they can go through the process of capacitation

Question 14

What is capacitation?

Answer 14

-A series of changes the sperm undergo in the female reproductive system to increases fertility of the sperm

Question 15

How long can sperm live in the female reproductive tract?

Answer 15

-3-5 days

Question 16

Are sperm only programmed to search out the ovum?

Answer 16

-No, they are programmed to go to anything large and round

Question 17

What do sperm use to penetrate the layers of the ovum?

Answer 17

-Digestive enzymes of the acrosome

Question 18

What happens once a single sperm head enters the ovum?

Answer 18

-The ovum membrane will block the other sperm out

Question 19

What is a zygote?

Answer 19

-the stage right after the ovum has been fertilized

Question 20

What is cleavage?

Answer 20

-Rapid division of the zygote

Question 21

What else is also happening with the zygote during cleavage?

Answer 21

-The zygote is slowly moving down the oviduct into the uterus

Question 22

What is the morula?

Answer 22

-A tiny mass of cells that the zygote turns into after a few days
-it resembles a raspberry

Question 23

What is it called when it is ready to implant into the uterus?

Answer 23

-Blastocyte

Question 24

Where does the blastocyte embed into in the uterus?

Answer 24

-Into the endometrium

Question 25

What does the blastocyst use to make a small pit in the endometrium?

Answer 25

-Enzymes

Question 26

What is the offspring called during early pregnancy?

Answer 26

-Embryo

Question 27

When does the placenta begin to form?

Answer 27

-Once the embryo is embedded in the endometrium

Question 28

-Second trimester

Answer 28

Now referred to as a fetus. Fetal development period. All various parts are taking shape and differentiating from one another.

Question 28

Before the placenta developed, how did the zygote obtain nourishment?

Answer 28

-Diffusion of fluid of the oviducts and uterus

Question 29

-First Trimester

Answer 29

Period of the embryo. Zygote is getting itself organized and is developing its placenta.

Question 30

Third Trimester

Answer 30

Period of fetal growth. All parts are growing dramatically, preparing the fetus to transition from a parasite to a free-living existence.

Question 31

What triggers parturition?

Answer 31

-Size/weight of the fetus -Dramatic hormone change of mother and fetus

Question 32

What is relaxin? What is it produced by?

Answer 32

-a hormone that helps ligaments between bones and the birth canal -it is produced by the process of parturition?

Question 33

What hormone keeps the myometrium quiet and prevents the female from going into premature labor?

Answer 33

-Progesterone

Question 34

What does oxytocin stimulate?

Answer 34

-Contractions of the uterus

Question 35

Stage 2

Answer 35

Strong uterine and abdominal contractions deliver the fetus.

Question 36

Stage 1

Answer 36

The myometrium contracts as cervix relaxes, pressing fetus down against cervix.

Question 37

Stage 3

Answer 37

Placenta separates from the wall of the uterus. Weaker uterine contractions will continue in order to deliver the placenta.

Question 38

What is dystocia?

Answer 38

-Difficult birth

Question 39

What is involution?

Answer 39

-The uterus contracting down to its original size

Question 40

What is mastitis?

Answer 40

-Infection and swelling of the mammary gland

Question 41

What are the mammary glands in the cow referred to as?

Answer 41

-udder/teat

Question 42

What are the milk-secreting units of the mammary gland called?

Answer 42

-Alveoli/alveolar duct

Question 43

Where in the mammary gland is milk stored until the offspring nurses?

Answer 43

Alveoli

Question 44

What is colostrum? How is it different from milk?

Answer 44

-The “first milk” -It contains more proteins, lipids, amino acids, and essential vitamins than normal milk

Question 45

Why is it important for the newborn to have Colostrum within the first few hours after birth

Answer 45

-Helps remove meconium -Helps in passive immunity