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A/P lll > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the parts of the urinary system?

A

-2 Kidneys: Make urine and carry out other vital functions
-2 Ureters: Carry the urine from the kidneys to the bladder
-Urinary Bladder: collects, stores, and releases urine
-Urethra: conducts urine from the body

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2
Q

What are the 4 main kidney functions?

A
  • Blood filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
    -Fluid base regulation
    -Acid base balance/regulation
    -hormone production
    -blood pressure regulation
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3
Q

What hormones maintain the fluid balance regulation in the body?

A

-ADH and Aldosterone

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3
Q

What is the name for when excess or more urine is formed?

A

-Diuresis

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4
Q

Are the kidneys located within the abdominal cavity?

A

-In the dorsal abdominal area ventral to and on either side of the first few lumber vertebrae

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5
Q

In most domestic animals, which kidney is more caudal?

A

-Left

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6
Q

What enters the kidneys at the Hilus?

A

-Ureters
-Nerves
-blood and lymph vessels

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7
Q

What is the name of the urine collection chamber inside the Hilus?

A

-Renal Pelvis

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8
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

-The outer portion of the kidney

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9
Q

What is the name of the inner portion of the kidney, around the renal pelvis?

A

-The renal medulla

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10
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the kidneys?

A

-The nephron

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10
Q

What does each nephron consist of?

A

-Renal corpuscle
-Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
-Loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

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11
Q

Where is the Renal Corpuscle located?

A

-In the renal cortex

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12
Q

Fluid filtered out of the blood by the renal corpuscle is called?

A

-Glomular Filtrate

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12
Q

What is the renal corpuscle’s function?

A

-Filters blood in the first stage of urine production

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13
Q

What is the Glomerular filtrate called after entering the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

A

-Tubular filtrate

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14
Q

What part of the nephron descends from the PCT into the medulla of the kidney and turns back up into the cortex?

A

-Loop of Henle

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15
Q

What part of the Loop of Henle does NOT have a brush border?

A

-Ascending Loop of Henle

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16
Q

What is the continuation of the ascending Loop of Henle called?

A

-Distal Convoluted Tubule

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17
Q

All DCTs empty into what?

A

-Collecting Ducts

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18
Q

Where does the collecting duct empty?

A

-Renal Pelvis

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19
Q

What artery does the renal artery branch off of?

A

Aorta

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20
Q

Where is the kidney nerve supply primarily from?

A

-Sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system

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21
Q

How often does all circulating blood go through the kidneys?

A

-Every 4/5 minutes

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22
Afferent glomerular arterioles carry blood where? 
-Into glomerular capillaries of the renal corpuscle
23
Efferent glomerular arterioles carry blood where?
-Away from glomerular capillaries out of the renal corpuscle
24
What kind of blood enters and leaves glomerular capillaries?
-Oxygenated/arterial blood
25
Where does 02 transfer to nephron cell take place?
-Peritubular capillaries
26
Where does the cleanest blood in the body come from?
-The renal vein
27
After the renal vein leaves the kidney, what vein does it join?
-Caudal Vena Cava
28
What are the 3 main ways the kidneys do their job?
-Filtration if Blood -Reabsorption -Secretion
29
What do the kidneys filter?
-Blood
30
Where does this filtration take place?
-Renal Corpuscle
31
What is the difference between glomerular filtrate and plasma?
-Glomerular filtrate contains no proteins
32
If damage occurs to the glomerulus, what could we see in a urinalysis?
-RBC in the urine
33
What does GFR stand for?
-Glomerular filtration rate
34
What does GFR mean?
-How fast plasma is filtered through the glomerus
35
What are some important substances in glomerular filtrate that get reabsorbed?
-Sodium -Potassium -Calcium -Magnesium -Glucose -amino acids -chloride -bicarbonate -water
36
Where does 65% of all tubular reabsorption take place?
-In the PCT
37
What % of water, sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate are reabsorbed?
-80%
38
100% of what gets reabsorbed?
-Glucose and animo acids
39
Where are some other places that reabsorption takes place?
-Loop of Henle -DCT -Collecting ducts
39
Where does secretion primarily take place?
-Distal Convoluted Tubule
40
What are eliminated through secretions?
-Hydrogen -potassium -ammonia
41
What does BUN stand for?
-blood Urea Nitrogen
42
What organ is the BUN level testing for?
-Kidneys
43
What do the hormones ADH and Aldosterone control?
-Urine Volume
44
What would happen without the control of ADH?
-water will be lost and not reabsorbed in the urine (polyuria)
45
Why do ureters enter the bladder at an oblique angle?
-Allows the opening of the ureters to collapse when the bladder is full, preventing back flow into the kidneys
46
The ureters leave what organ and enter what organ?
-Leave the kidneys and enter the bladder
47
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
-collect urine -store urine -release urine
48
The neck of the bladder joins what structure?
-The urthra
49
What are two names that mean “expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder into the urethra?
-Micturition -Uresis
50
What gives the sensation of having to urinate?
-Contraction of the bladder muscles
51
The urethra carries urine from where to where?
-the bladder to the outside environment
52
The urethra is lined with what, allowing it to stretch?
-transitional epithelium
53
he female urethra differs from the male urethra how?
-shorter -straighter -larger diameter
54
Where is the neck of the bladder positioned in relation to the body of the bladder?
-at the base of the bladder
54
The male urethra differs from the female urethra how?
-Longer -Curved
55
The kidneys are normally smooth except in what species?
-Cattle
56
The bladder is lined with what kind of epithelial cells? 
-Transitional epithelial
57
Up to what % of blood pumped by the heart goes to the kidneys?
-20-25%
58
The Specific Gravity of a urine sample is a reflection of its?
-ability to concentrate or dilute urine
59
Where does ADH exert it’s control over water reabsorption?
-Urine volume and regulation
59
What 2 substances are normally %100 absorbed in the PCT?
-Glucose -Amino Acids
60
The medulla of the kidney is mostly made up of what structure?
-Renal pyramids
61
Aldosterone does what to the reabsorption of sodium from the DCT and collecting ducts?
-Enhances the reabsorption
61
What two ions can the kidney preserve or excrete to regulate the blood pH?
-Bicarbonate -Hydrogen
62
What type of muscle is found in the ureters?
-Smooth muscle
63
Define Nephromalacia
-Softening of the kidneys
64
What species of animal normally has cloudy urine when it is passed?
-Rabbits and horses
65
What is a renolith?
-Kidney stone
66
Define reabsorption.
-Substances that have been filtered from the blood stream and transported back to the bloodstream
67
The presence of abnormal amounts of protein in urine can be used as an indicator or damage to what part of the nephron?
-the glomuerus
68
he sphincters that control urination are under ___________ control.
-Voluntary
69
What is the Glomerulus?
-A network of tiny blood vessels at the begining of each nephron
70
How often is urine moved from the kidneys to the bladder?
-every 10-15 seconds
71
How is the GFR expressed?
-mililiters per minute

A/P lll (4 decks)

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