Quiz 2 Flashcards
(18 cards)
The law of “Conservation of Energy”
The first law of thermodynamics which states:
Within a closed system, energy is neither created nor destroyed. It can however, be transformed from one form of energy to another.
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored for future use.
Kinetic Energy
Performing some type of work.
ATP Concentration in Skeletal Muscle
ATP concentrations rarely drop more than 20 -30 percent, even during the highest exercise intensity that an athlete can voluntarily perform. Once the ATP concentration in an exercising muscle is reduced to this degree, the force production ability of the muscle is reduced and the muscle starts to fatigue.
Rephosphorylation
Is an endergonic reaction requiring an input of energy. In this reaction, phosphate (Pi) is chemically joined to ADP to produce ATP.
Calorie (c)
One calorie is the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C and is equal to 4.184 joules.
1 calorie = 4.184 joules
Kilocalorie (kcal)
Equals 1000 calories………duh
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram or 1 liter of water by 1 degree C.
Carbohydrates to Calories
Bomb 4.2
Human 4.2
Fats
Bomb 9.4
Human 9.4
Protien
Bomb 5.7
Human 4.2
Alcohol
Bomb 7.0
Human 7.0
Indirect Calorimetry
If the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production is measured, then the amount of energy expended can be calculated. This determination of energy expenditure by gas exchange is termed indirect calorimetry.
Total Energy Expenditure
The total amount of energy required by the body over the course of a day.
Metabolism = 70 of TEE
Thermic Effect of Food = 10 of TEE
Physical Activity = 20 of TEE
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) or Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Refers to the energy necessary to keep the body alive at complete rest.
Resting Energy Expenditure
The amount of energy required by the body to maintain a nonactive but alert state.
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
An increase is energy expenditure due to food consumption.
Generally makes up a fairly small proportion of the day’s energy expenditure.
Metabolic Equivalents (METS)
1 MET is equal to the energy expenditure of an average resting metabolic rate.
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
This is the average dietary energy intake that will maintain energy balance. EER is based on age, gender, weight, height and physical activity, all of which are self reported.
