Quiz 2 Flashcards
(48 cards)
Traditional Learning Theory (Behaviorism)
The attempt to understand an observable activity in terms of observable stimuli and observable responses. Conditioning.
Classical Conditioning
Think Pavlov and test anxiety
Operant Conditioning
Think 123 eyes on me
Early Operant Conditioning
E.L. Thorndike (1898)-law of effect. Puzzle boxes and cats.
The Law of Effect
Responses that produce a satisfying or discomforting effect in a particular situation become more likely or more unlikely to occur again in that situation.
B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
The skinner box (rats)
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement and Punishment
Reinforcement
increases likelihood of behavior
Punishment
Decrease likelihood of behavior
Positive vs. Negative
Adding vs. Removing
Principles for teaching new behaviors
shaping, chaining, and discrimination
shaping
reward closer and closer approximations overtime
chaining
establishing complex behaviors based upon linking together a series of simpler behaviors
discrimination
knowing under what circumstances behavior is to be performed
Reinforcement schedules
continuous, fixed, and variable
Continuous ratio
a 1 to 1 ratio, a prize everytime
fixed ratio
? to 1, a prize every ? time
Variable ratio
? to ? ratio, maybe a prize maybe not
Operant conditioning classroom applications
The use of feedback, classroom management, and behavior modification
Social Learning theory
learning principles applied to important real life social behaviors, personality is learned and cognition matters
Imitation
reproduction or performance of an act that is stimulated by the perception of a similar act by another animal or person
Modeling
demonstrating behaviors that can imitated by others
observational learning
acquiring new skills or information or altering old behaviors by watching modeled behaviors of others
Vicarious learning
learning from the behaviors and associated consequences of those behaviors observed in others
