Quiz 2: Chapter 3 Flashcards
(23 cards)
define personality
stable individual patterns of cognition, affect, and behavior
approaches to personality
psychodynamic, trait, situation, interactional, phenomenological, integrative (biopsychosocial)
psychodynamic approach
focuses on the unconscious mind and understanding the person as a whole rather than identifying isolated traits or dispositions; Sigmund Freud popularized this concept; Erwin Apitzsch; Strean and Strean
Sigmund Freud
ID (instinctive drive), Superego (one’s moral conscience), ego (the conscious personality) concepts
trait approach
assumes that personality is enduring and consistent across situations and that psychological traits predispose individuals to behave in consistent ways regardless of the situation; the big 5; maladaptive v. adaptive perfectionism
the big 5
O - openness to experience
C - conscientiousness
E - extraversion
A - agreeableness
N - neuroticism/emotional stability
Adaptive vs. Maladaptive Perfectionism
adaptive: positive, set achievable goals, focus on doing things right
maladaptive: negative, set unreachable goals, focus on avoiding errors
situation approach
behavior is mostly determined by the environment or situation; focuses only on the context and not the person; Albert Bandura
Interactional approach
focuses on the situation and the person and the interaction between the two
Albert Bandura
social learning concept: learning from things in our environment
doll experiment with kids
Phenomenological approach
most commonly used; focuses on the person’s understanding of themselves and their environment rather than traits
integrative (biopsychosocial) approach
Biology: physical health, genetics, drug effects
Social: peers, family circumstances
Psychological: coping skills, social skills, self-esteem, family relationships
- how these three factors affect the person and come together to form their personality
trait v. state
trait: typical tendencies, consistent over time, less affected by social cues; ex-kindness, shyness
state: temporary behavior, short-lived, results of social cues; ex-fear, excitation
- “in general” vs. “now”
social desirability
how one wants to be perceived knowing what is being expected
guidelines from APA
social desirability, reliability and validity, explanation and feedback, intraindividual approach (norms vs baseline), assess specific personality components
morgan’s iceberg profile (1980)
- the mental health model: directly related to athletic success and high levels of performance
- POMS: profile of mood state
- assessed that more successful athletes exhibit the iceberg
profile and more positive mental health than those who are less successful
three levels of personality
role-related behavior, typical responses, psychological core
psychological core
centerpiece of personality; the “real you”
typical responses
ways we each learn to adjust to the environment or how we usually respond to the world around us
role-related behavior
how you act based on what you perceive your social situation to be; most changeable aspect of personality
Erwin Apitzsch (1995)
swedish sport psychologist who measured defense mechanisms such as denial in athletes and used this information to help performers better cope with stress and anxiety
Strean & Strean (1998)
discussed how psychodynamic concepts can be used to explain athlete behavior; not just maladaptive but normal personality as well
Gaskin, Andersen, and Morris (2009, 2010)
case studies demonstrating how a psychodynamic approach can help in understanding deep and often unconscious issues such as poor self-image, identification with people who do not have disabilities, and compliance that may arise in those with physical disabilities
