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Pharmacology > Quiz 2 Concepts > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

metoprolol

A

beta blocker for hypertension
-decreases bronchodilation, cardiac contractility, blood sugar
-selective for receptors that decrease HR and BP
-less likely to cause bronchospasm so asthmatic pts. can take it

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2
Q

albuterol

A

-bronchodilator
-alpha and beta adrenergic agonists
-treats asthma

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3
Q

What can occur in high doses or overuse of albuterol?

A

the beta 2 agents being overused can beta 1 receptors and increase heart rate

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4
Q

What does continuous use of nasal sprays with adrenergic agonists cause?

A

rebound nasal congestion
-do not use more than 3 days
-spray while upright
-do not use with OTC meds

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5
Q

direct acting cholinergic agonists

A

selective for muscuranic (parasympathetic) receptors
-nonspecific bc muscarinic receptors are located in different sites stimulating various organs

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6
Q

bethanechol

A

cholinergic agonists
direct acting
increase GI tract tone and peristalsis
adverse effects include headache, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, abdominal cramps

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7
Q

atropine

A

anticholinergic agonists
used preoperatively to decrease saliva and increase HR
side effects include urinary retention, dehydration, palpitations, constipation

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8
Q

What are some drugs that treat Alzheimers?

A

rivastigmine
memantine
galantamine
donepezil

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9
Q

What test is helpful in diagnosing ADHD?

A

EEG

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10
Q

What should be avoided when taking adderall for ADHD?

A

caffeine and pseudoephedrine

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11
Q

methlyphenidate

A

Ritalin
treat ADHD and narcolepsy
can affect food absorption
can cause growth suppression so height and weight should be monitored
can increase BP
check with provider before giving OTC meds w/ methylphenidate

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12
Q

What stage of sleep does vivid dreams occur?

A

REM

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13
Q

How should you promote sleep in pts?

A

establish a routine of waking and sleeping at the same time

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14
Q

Who should you use a bed alarm for?

A

older patients and younger pts receiving a hypnotic for the first time

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15
Q

What can be used to relieve frequent nighttime awakening?

A

Tylenol PM bc it contains acetaminophen and diphenhydramine

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16
Q

When should you adjust anesthetics?

A

if the pt drinks, is pregnant, or is obese

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17
Q

anticonvulsants

A

prevent seizures
taken throughout lifetime
stopping meds can lead to recurrence of seizures
inhibit vitamin K in pregnancy

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18
Q

epilepsy

A

occurs in children w/ 1 or more febrile seizures

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19
Q

How can you determine the cause of decreased drug effects?

A

ask about medication adherence
assess serum level

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20
Q

Parkinsons

A

caused by imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine bc dopaminergic neurons are degenerating
-is progressive but not a normal part of aging

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21
Q

Alzheimers

A

can result from decreased ACh degeneration of cholinergic neurons

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22
Q

carbidopa-levodopa

A

can cause orthostatic hypertension so be careful getting out of be
dark urine and perspiration is normal
-used to treat parkinsons

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23
Q

rivastigmine

A

increases fall risk
take 2x daily on empty stomach

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24
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

causes fatigue and muscular weakness

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25
neostigmine
must be given on time for myasthenia crisis
26
cyclobenzapine (Flexeril)
treats muscle spasms and can not be stopped abruptly causes dizziness and drowsiness
27
muscle relaxants
can cause drug dependence and should not be withdrawn abruptly needs to be tapered off
28
Why can't aspirin be taken in the third trimester of pregnancy?
it can cause adverse effects to the fetus
29
indomethacin
relieves swelling, joint stiffness irritating to stomach, take with food can cause sodium retention and elevated BP take 2x daily
30
colchicine
increase fluid intake to promote uric acid excretion and prevent renal calculi
31
What are some signs of inflammation?
edema, erythema, heat
32
What can be taken if codeine doesn't relieve severe pain?
oxycodone
33
What is the daily dose of acetaminophen?
4000 mg
34
What should be done if the patient's pain decreases but vital signs indicate discomfort?
contact provider for stronger analgesic
35
Does aspirin cause constipation?
no, so increasing fluids and fiber is not needed
36
What should be assessed with post op opiods?
signs of overdose respiratory depression which is common but needs to be reported
37
pruritis
itchy skin common opioid side effect that can be managed with diphenhydramine
38
topical antipsychotics
treat schizophrenia can have dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions) and cause muscle spasms
39
tricyclic antidepressants
amitripyyline response takes 2-4 weeks constipation and dry mouth are common
40
sympathetic
adrenergic
41
parasympathetic
cholinergic
42
alpha1
vascular
43
alpha2
nerves, decreases BP, GI motility
44
beta1
increases cardiac contractility
45
beta2
bronchodilation, increases BP, relax uterus muscles
46
How long does buspirone hydrocholoride take for a therapeutic response?
1-2 weeks
47
ambien
treats insomnia lasts 6-8 hours half life is 4.5 hours take before bed
48
benzodiazepines
the pams (lorazepam, clonazepam, diazepam) depressant need to be taper off bc it can cause withdrawal
49
What can cause epilepsy?
anoxia, infection, stroke
50
Phenytoin
treats seizures needs a CBC and BUN red urine is not normal
51
What can happen if acetaminophen is taken longterm for anorexia?
it can cause hypertension, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, insomnia
52
What can be given for apnea?
caffeine
53
What ingredients do OTC sleep aids have?
somnex and diphenhydramine
54
beta blockers
decrease HR, constrict airway, lower BP
55
anticholinergics
can treat tremors and muscular rigidity
56
What are some side effects of anticholinergics?
dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
57
What is benzotropine contraindicated for?
glaucoma
58
benzotropine
helps relieve symptoms of parkinsons
59
What should women taking OCP and phenytoin do?
use extra contraceptives
60
What is a antiviral for Parkinsons?
amantadine (Symmetrel)
61
What effect does Robaxin have on urine?
it turns it black
62
What can aspirin do to bleeding?
increases bleeding and platelets tinnitus, hearing loss, confusion
63
What effect does ibuprofen have on periods?
less blood

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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