Quiz 4 Concepts

Question 1

What patient population is most susceptible to whooping cough or pertussis?

Answer 1

children

Question 2

How can the spread of pertussis be prevented?

Answer 2

by vaccinating children

Question 3

What vaccines are ineffective or contraindicated for pregnant women?

Answer 3

HPV, chicken pox (Varicella), MMR

Question 4

When might vaccines be given?

Answer 4

in mild acute illness or during the convalescent phase of illness

Question 5

When is gardasil the most effective?

Answer 5

when the patient is not yet sexually active

Question 6

What is acquired passive immunity?

Answer 6

receives antibodies from another source

Question 7

What can be given to treat minor side effects of vaccines?

Answer 7

acetaminophen and cold compresses

Question 8

What is Zostavax prescribed for?

Answer 8

to boost the immunity of varicella-zoster virus

Question 9

What happens when two or more therapeutic agents are given?

Answer 9

a synergistic effect occurs

Question 10

What effects do tamoxifen and raloxifene have on tissues?

Answer 10

estrogenic and antiestrogenic

Question 11

What are some estrogenic effects?

Question 12

What are some anti-estrogenic effects?

Answer 12

vaginal dryness, hot flashes, decreases libido, breast atrophy

Question 13

What is raloxifene used for?

Answer 13

a prophylactic against breast cancer in high risk postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Question 14

What effect does epoetin have on cancer chemo clients?

Answer 14

it stimulates RBC production

Question 15

When giving epoetin and the client has a Hgb level of 11 or more, what should be done?

Answer 15

the dose should be held and reevaulated

Question 16

What is filgrastim used for?

Answer 16

it stimulates production of granulocytes in potential bone marrow candidates

Question 17

What adverse effect can occur with filgrastim?

Answer 17

splenic rupture can occur

Question 18

What might black stool suggest?

Answer 18

GI bleeding

Question 19

What should the nurse assess before administering meds to a patient with a suspected food allergy?

Answer 19

cardiac and respiratory status

Question 20

For patients with night-time symptoms of coughing and sneezing, what can be given?

Answer 20

diphenhydramine

Question 21

What patient should be cautious of taking diphenhydramine because of the anticholinergic effects?

Answer 21

patients with acute asthma

Question 22

What is an alternative to diphenhydramine for acute asthma patients?

Answer 22

Zyrtec

Question 23

What can occur with using nasal decongestants longer than 3 days?

Answer 23

rebound congestion

Question 24

When taking guaifenesin, what should the patient be educated on?

Answer 24

increase fluid intake to at least 8 glasses of water a day

Question 25

What effects does nonselective sympathomimetic epinephrine have?

Answer 25

it is an alpha 1, beta 1 , and beta 2 agonists and has cardiac and pulmonary effects

Question 26

Why shouldn't caffeine and theophylline be taken together?

Answer 26

they are xanthine derivatives and when taken together they have increased risk of toxicity and adverse effects

Question 27

When using inhaled glucocorticoids, how can you prevent Candida albicans oropharyngeal infections?

Answer 27

rinsing the mouth and throat after each dose

Question 28

What is digoxin given for?

Answer 28

to restore a normal heart rhythm

Question 29

What is given to prevent thromboemboli?

Answer 29

rivaroxaban

Question 30

If a patient is taking digoxin and a potassium wasting diuretic , what should they also take?1

Answer 30

a potassium supplement to prevent hypokalemia

Question 31

When taking nitroglycerin, what should the patient be educated on?

Answer 31

it causes hypotension so take it sitting or lying down

Question 32

What is a common side effect of nitrates?

Answer 32

headaches due to vasodilation of cerebral vessels

Question 33

Why is nitroglycerin given sublingually?

Answer 33

to avoid first pass effect and to increase rate of absorption

Question 34

When would furosemide, a loop diuretic, be given?

Answer 34

the patients condition warrants immediate removal of body fluid

Question 35

What lifestyle changes can be made to decrease BP?

Answer 35

decreasing salt, stress reduction, weight reduction

Question 36

What drugs are not as effective for African Americans?

Answer 36

beta blockers and ACe inhibitors but diuretics and calcium channel blockers

Question 37

What drugs do Native Americans have a reduced response to?

Answer 37

beta blockers ( the olols)

Question 38

What patient population is at risk of orthostatic hypotension when taking antihypertensives?

Answer 38

older adults

Question 39

Why education should be provided to patients taking antihypertensives?

Answer 39

-decrease sodium -do not stop taking the drug abruptly because rebound hypertension can occur -do not stop taking the drug when BP returns to normal -rise slowly when getting up bc these cause orthostatic hypotension

Question 40

What is given as an antidote to heparin when clotting times are elevated?

Answer 40

protamine sulfate

Question 41

What test is used most frequently to report PT in warfarin patients?

Answer 41

INR

Question 42

Why are thrombolytic medications given?

Answer 42

to prevent permanent tissue damage caused by compromised blood flow

Question 43

What is elevated heart RT and decreased BP indicative of?

Answer 43

bleeding

Question 44

For patients taking aspirin or NSAIDs and thrombolytic, what should be monitored?

Answer 44

any excessive bleeding

Question 45

What are some side effects of cholestyramine and how can they be relieved?

Answer 45

GI upset and constipation, increased fluids and high fiber foods

Question 46

What are some common side effects of nicotinic acid?

Answer 46

flushing of the skin and dizziness, drug titration and aspirin can minimize these ffects

Question 47

What should be reported immediately when taking statins?

Answer 47

muscle ache or weakness, this can lead to rhabdomyolysis

Question 48

When should simvastatin be given for best effect?

Answer 48

in the evening

Question 49

What is included in the patient education for atorvastatin?

Answer 49

take with full glass of water, watch for body aches or GI upset, evaluate liver function