Quiz 3 Flashcards
(275 cards)
1
Q
what are the 5 unique mechanical demands of the TMJ?
A
1) continuous use
2) generalization of significant force
3) generalization of finely-tuned complex motions
4) bilateral motion-when one side moves, the other has to move too
5) location of pain isn’t always the origin of the problem
2
Q
what kind of jt is the TMJ?
A
synovial jt with fibrocartilage
3
Q
what are the 2 joint spaces of the TMJ?
A
1) superior jt space (gliding jt)- articular eminence and superior disc
2) inferior jt space (hinge jt)-condyle and inferior aspect of the disc
4
Q
t/f: the periphery of the TMJ disc is vascular and innervated
A
true
5
Q
where is the disc attached in the TMJ?
A
medial lateral poles of condyle of the mandible
anteriorly to lateral pterygoid and capsule
posteriorly to bilaminar retrodistal pad
6
Q
what fibers keep the disc in place?
A
sharpeys fibers
7
Q
what is the oblique portion of the lateral TMJ lig?
A
suspensory lig from the neck of the condyle to the articular eminence
8
Q
what is the horizontal portion of the lateral TMJ lig?
A
lateral pole of the condyle/disc to articular eminence
9
Q
what is the stylomadibular lig?
A
styloid process to posterior border of ramus
limits protrusion and produces posterior disc translation during closing
10
Q
what is the sphenomandibular lig?
A
sphenoid to ramus
suspends the mandible and limits protrusion
11
Q
what are the muscles of the TMJ?
A
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, later pterygoid, suprahyoids, and infrahyoids
12
Q
what is the strongest muscle in the body?
A
masseter
13
Q
what is the main job of the masseter?
A
elevation and protrusion bilaterally
ipsilateral lateral deviation unilaterally
14
Q
what is the rule of the jaw?
A
if a muscle attaches to the external mandible, it creates lateral deviation ipsilaterally
if a muscle attaches to the internal mandible it creates lateral deviation contralaterally
15
Q
what does the temporalis do?
A
elevtates bilaterally
posterior fibers retruded
ipsilateral lateral deviation unilaterally
tenses as you close the jaw
16
Q
jaw deviation to the L creates rotation at the __ condyle and rotation out the TMJ on the __
A
L, R
17
Q
what does the medial pterygoid do?
A
elevates and protrudes bilaterally
contralateral lateral deviation unilaterally
18
Q
what does the lateral pterygoid do?
A
contralateral lateral deviation unilaterally
protrusion bilaterally
the superior head controls disc w/closing
the inferior head resists opening ??
19
Q
what do the suprahyoids do?
A
depress and retrude the jaw
20
Q
A
21
Q
what do the infrahyoids do?
A
stabilize the hyoid
22
Q
what is the normal amount of jaw opening?
A
40-50 mm (3 finger width)
23
Q
what is the normal amount of jaw opening during the rotation phase?
A
25 mm
24
Q
what is the normal amount of jaw opening during the gliding phase?
A
15-25 mm
25
what occurs during the rotation phase of jaw opening?
anterior rotation of the condyle on the disc
occurs within the inferior jt space b/w the disc and condyle
1st phase of jaw opening
26
what is the 1st phase of jaw opening?
rotation
27
what occurs during the gliding phase of jaw opening?
translation of the disc-condyle complex
b/w the disc and eminence in the superior jt space
28
what occurs during mandibular elevation (jaw closing)?
opposite of depression (opening)
translation posteriorly
rotation of the condyle posteriorly on the disc
29
what occurs during mandibular protrusion?
condyle and disc translate along the articular eminence w/o rotation
superior jt space
glide and translation
retrodistal tissue stretches 6-9 mm to allow motion
30
what is the normal motion that allows upper and lower teeth to approximate edge to edege?
mandibular protrusion
31
what occurs during mandibular retrusion?
motion is limited by TM lig and retrodistal tissue
normally about 3 mm
32
what occurs during L mandibular lateral deviation?
L condyle spine and R condyle ant glide
33
what is the normal amount of mandibular lateral deviation?
8 mm (width of upper central incisors)
34
t/f: mandibular lateral deviation allows us to assess one jt motion at the TMJ
true
35
L lateral deviation tests __ TMJ motion
R
36
R lateral deviation tests __ TMJ motion
L
37
what happens at the superior jt of the TMJ?
gliding/translation
38
what happens at the inferior jt space of the TMJ
hinge
39
which jt space moves first in jaw opening?
the inferior jt space
40
what is the primary curve of the spine?
kyphosis (posterior convexity)
41
what part of the spine has a kyphotic curve?
thoracic spine
42
what is the secondary curve of the spine?
lordosis (anterior convexity)
43
what parts of the spine have lordotic curves?
cervical and lumbar spine
44
what is kypho-lordotic posture?
increased kyphosis and lordosis
increased forward bending in the thoracic spine
increased backward bending in the lumbar spine
LOG posterior to the lumbar spine and anterior to the thoracic spine
45
what is flat back posture?
decreased thoracic and lumbar curves leading to decreased shock absorption and increased kinetic forces
46
what is swayback posture?
increased lordosis
trunk offset posterior to hips
47
what is scoliosis?
lateral curvature of the spine (R and L)
accompanying rotation
48
what is the largest portion of the vertebrae?
the body
49
what makes up the anterior portion of the vertebrae?
the body and pedicle
50
what portion of the vertebrae transmits forces from the body to the posterior components?
pedicle
51
what part of the vertebrae dictate the type and amount of motion?
the facets
52
what part of the vertebrae forms a boney ring around the spinal canal?
lamina
53
what part of the spine had bifid spinous processes?
cervical
54
what provides passive stability if the spine?
capsuloligamentous complexes (CLC)
55
what is the role of spinal ligs?
passive tension
mechanoreceptive feedback
56
at what point in the range are ligaments engaged?
end range only!
57
at what point in the range are muscles engaged?
mid range
58
the anterior longitudinal lig increases in depth, breath, support, strength as it goes from ____ to ____
cervical, lumbar
59
the ant long lig is taught in ____ and slack in ____
extension, flexion
60
the posterior longitudinal ligament form the ____ wall of the spinal canal
anterior
61
what ligaments provide segmental stability in the spine?
supraspinous and intertransverse ligs
62
what does the supraspinous lig limit?
flexion
63
what does the intertransverse lig limit?
SB and some rot
64
what does the interspinous lig limit?
flexion
65
what is the ligamentum flavum?
paired lig from one lamina to the lamina below it
increases % elastin
helps with returning spinal segments to neutral
helps prevent impingement of capsule during triplanar motion
limits end range motions
66
is the intervertebral disc fibrocartilage or or hyaline cartilage?
fibrocartilage
67
t/f: the IV disc produces motion
false, it just helps direct and allow motion
68
what are the zones of the IV disc?
nucleus pulposus
inner nonfibrous annulus
annulus fibrosis
cartilaginous end plate
69
what is the nucleus pulposus?
decreased water content with age
central portion of the IV disc composed of hydrophilic proteoglycans
70
what is the annulus fibrosis?
type 1 and 2 CT arranged in concentric rings from oblique to more vertical fiber direction
contains the nucleus
has a good blood supply in peripheral disc
71
t/f: the IV disc fails from the inside out
true
72
t/f: pain occurs in the IV disc when it reaches the periphery
true
73
what are the functions of the IV disc?
allow motion through deformation
limit motion (primarily rotation)
maintains diameter of the IVF
transmits shock to vertebral bodies
74
what kind of jts are the facet jts?
synovial jt with CLC and menisci
75
what is the primary purpose of the facet jts?
direct and determines quantity of motion in each plane
76
t/f: facet jts absorb weight bearing forces
true
77
what is the orientation of the midcervical facet jts?
45 deg b/w frontal and transverse planes (upward slope)
78
what is the orientation of the thoracic facet jts?
frontal
79
what is the orientation of lumbar facet jts?
sagittal
80
what is the spinal motion segment?
info aspect of sup vertebra, sup aspect of inf vertebra, and everything that lies in b/w them
81
what happens in the spine during flexion?
compression of ant vertebral body and anterior disc
nucleus moves posterior
facet jts open up and IV foramen opens up
82
what happens in the spine during extension
closing foramen and facets
nucleus migrates anterior
annulus moves posterior
83
what is unique about the cervical spinous process?
bifurcated/forked
84
what is unique about the transverse processes in the cervical spine?
they have transverse foramen for vertebral arteries
85
what are the features of the atlas?
C1
ring of bone with no vertebral body
anterior arch w/facet for dens
posterior arch w/small bump like spinous process
lateral masses
inferior facets
very concave superior facets
86
what are the features of the axis?
the first palpable spinous process
dens
inf facet that behaves like the midcervical spine (45 deg b/w frontal and transverse)
87
what is the orientation of the cervical facet jts?
45 deg b/w transverse and frontal planes
88
what is the motion at the OA jt?
"yes" and "maybe" jt
sagittal and frontal plane motion
89
what kind of jt is the OA joint?
plane synovial jt
90
what are the jt surfaces of the OA jt?
convex occipital condyles and concave C1 superior facets (ball on saucer)
91
t/f: facets slope in inf direction medial to lateral in cervical facet jts
true
92
what is the job of the alar and transverse ligaments?
to prevent the dens from coming in contact w/the spinal cord
93
what is the job of the alar lig?
stability and guides motion
pulls C2 into place when taught
as you SB, it pulls C2 into rot
94
what motion occurs at the AA jt?
"no" jt
35-50% of all cervical rotation
95
what are the 3 jts at the AA jt?
2 facet jts (convex articular facets of C1 w/convex articular facets of C2-ball on ball)
1 central pivot jt (ant dens on ant arch of atlas and post dens on transverse lig)
96
what jt is like a ball on ball?
AA jt
97
what is the job of the transverse lig?
to keep the dens in close proximity to anterior arch to stop it from going back into neutral structures
98
what are the 2 components of the cruciform lig?
vertical and transverse components
99
what motions occur at the midcervical spine?
just up/down glide
100
what are the "laws" of cervical kinematics?
1) in the MC spine, SB and rotation are coupled and occur ipsilaterally
2) altas always follows the occiput
3) AA will attempt to keep the head facing forward during SB
4) OA will attempt to keep eyes level during rotation
101
what is functional cervical motion?
SB at MC spine and rotate at SO in the same direction
R SB (MC motion) and rotate R (AA jt)
L SB (MC) and rotate L (AA)
102
what is non-functional cervical motion?
SB at MC spine and rotate at SO in opposite direction
R SB (MC) and rotate L (AA)
L SB (MC) and rotate R (AA)
103
how much FB is there in the cervical spine?
80-90 deg
104
how much BB is there in the cervical spine?
70 deg
105
how much SB is there in the cervical spine?
20-45 deg
106
how much rotation is there in the cervical spine?
45 deg
107
during FB, what happens in the facet jts of the cervical spine?
inf facets slide up and forward on the sup facets
annulus bulges anterior and nucleus bulges posterior
spinal canal lengthens
IVF increases
108
during BB, what happens in the facet jts of the cervical spine?
inf facets slide back and down on sup facets
annulus bulges posterior, nucleus bulges anterior
IVF narrows
109
what occurs in the cervical spine with head retraction?
upper cervical flexion
lower cervical extension
110
what occurs in the cervical spine with head protraction?
upper cervical extension
lower cervical flexion
111
with R cervical rotation, what occurs in the facets?
R inf facets slide down and back
L inf facets slide up and forward
112
with L cervical rotation, what occurs in the facets?
L inf facets slide down and back
R inf facets slide up and forward
113
with R cervical SB, what occurs at the facets?
R inf facets slide down and back
L inf facets slide up and forward
114
with L cervical SB, what occurs at the facets?
L inf facets slide down and back
R inf facets slide up and forward
115
what is required for non-functional cervical SB?
need suboccipital and midcervical
116
what is required for functional cervical SB?
midcervical only
117
during cervical FB, the occiput rolls ____, glides ____
anterior, posterior
118
what stops the atlas anteriorly during cervical FB?
transverse ligament
119
does the atlas glide anteriorly or posteriorly during cervical FB?
anteriorly (follows the occiput)
120
during cervical BB, the occiput rolls____, and glides ____
posterior, anterior
121
what stops the atlas posteriorly during cervical BB?
the anterior arch
122
does the atlas glide posteriorly or anteriorly during cervical BB?
posteriorly
123
what occurs in non-functional cervical SB?
R SB=R rot (MC) and L rot (SO)
L SB=L rot (MC) and R rot (SO)
124
what occurs in functional cervical SB?
R SB=R rot (MC) and R rot (SO)
L SB=L rot (MC) and L rot (SO)
125
what occurs in cervical rotation?
R rot=R SB (MC) and L SB (SO)
L rot=L SB (MC) and R SB (SO)
126
a decrease in R cervical SB may be due to what 2 things?
decrease in R downglide or L upglide
decrease in L rot at AA
127
a decrease in R cervical rot may be due to what 2 things?
decrease in R downglide or L upglide
decrease in L SB at OA
128
what provides dynamic stability of the cervical spine?
muscles!
129
what muscles are most important for spinal stability?
deep
130
what role do the larger, superficial muscles play?
large excursion (can contract 1/2 their length)
hypertrophy
131
what role do the shorter, deeper muscles play?
stabilization!
force transducers
motor recruitment, motor learning, status and position of jt during movement
132
what are the superficial neck flexors?
SCM (superficial) and scalenes (middle)
133
which superficial neck flexor does contralateral rotation?
SCM
134
what are the deep neck flexors?
longus capitis
longus colli
135
what is the job of the deep neck flexors?
flexes the head on the neck
support of cervical lordosis
ipsilateral SB and rot
136
what are the superficial neck extensors?
erector spinae (superficial)
splenius capitus (middle layer)
137
what are the deep neck extensors?
multifidus and rotators (deepest)
semispinalis cervicis and capitus (middle)
138
what is the orientation of the facet jts in the thoracic spine?
frontal
139
what are the features of the thoracic spine?
demifacets on lat body
frontal plane facets
facets on transverse processes
140
what do the demifacets articulate with?
the head of the ribs
141
what do the facets of the transverse processes articulate with?
the tubercle of the rib
142
t/f: you can mobilize the ribs to mobilize the vertebrae and vice versa
true
143
rib 7 articulates with the demifacets of what vertebrae (costovertebral)?
T6 and T7
144
the costotransverse jt at rib 7 articulates with what vertebrae?
T7
145
what is Cloward's sign?
piercing chest pain (like a heart attack) from thoracic IV disc damage
146
what is the costovertebral jt?
the demifacets of the vertebrae articulating with the rib
147
what is the costotransverse jt?
the transverse facets of the vertebrae articulating with the rib
148
what is the chondrosternal jt?
the articulation bw chondral rib and sternum
ribs 1-7
149
what ribs attach directly to the sternum?
ribs 1-7
150
what ribs attach indirectly to the sternum?
ribs 8-10
151
what ribs are floating?
ribs 11-12
152
what is the interchondral jt?
the articulation b/w cartilage of ribs 8-10
153
what is the costochondral jt?
the articulation b/w ribs and cartilage
154
are the spinous processes of T1-3 at the same level, 1/2 level below, or a full level below?
at the same level
155
are the spinous processes of T4-6 at the same level, 1/2 level below, or a full level below?
1/2 level
156
are the spinous processes of T7-9 at the same level, 1/2 level below, or a full level below?
full level below
157
is the spinous process of T10 at the same level, 1/2 level below, or a full level below
full level below
158
is the spinous process of T11 at the same level, 1/2 level below, or a full level below
1/2 level below
159
is the spinous process of T12 at the same level, 1/2 level below, or a full level below
same level
160
what are the "laws" of thoracic spine kinematics?
1) if SB is primary motion=rot in opposite direction
2) if rot is primary=SB in same direction
3) accessory translation=opposite direction of rot
161
is the pump handle motion of the rib cage in the sagittal, frontal, or transverse plane?
sagittal
162
does the pump handle motion of the rib cage occur in the upper ribs, middle ribs, or lower ribs?
upper ribs
163
is the bucket handle motion of the rib cage in the sagittal, frontal, or transverse plane?
frontal
164
does the bucket handle motion of the rib cage occur in the upper ribs, middle ribs, or lower ribs?
middle (4-10)
165
is the caliper motion of the rib cage in the sagittal, frontal, or transverse plane?
transverse (open and close motion)
166
does the caliper motion of the rib cage occur in the upper ribs, middle ribs, or lower ribs?
lower, floating ribs (11-12)
167
t/f: the diaphragm is utilized for quiet ventilation
true
168
t/f: there are no primary muscles for expiration bc it's passive at rest
true
169
during inspiration, the diaphragm _____, during expiration, the diaphragm ____
flattens, returns to normal
170
why are respiratory infection common with ribcage pathology?
bc they can't fully inhale
171
what is the orientation of the external abdominals?
like hands in pockets
outward of the midline, like hands in a V?
172
what is the orientation of the internal abdominals?
perpendicular to the external abdominals
in towards the belly bottom, like hands in a triangle pointing up?
173
t/f: the pelvic girdle is a closed system of interdependent jts
true
174
what kind of jt is the sacroiliac jt (SI jt)?
synovial anteriorly, syndesmotic (like skull sutures) posteriorly
175
does the SI jt provide more mobility or stability?
stability
176
how much motion is there at the SI jt?
4-20 deg motion
.5-7mm motion
177
where can motion of the SI jt be felt?
PSIS
178
ppl often use the SI jt for too much motion when?
with tight hips and hamstrings
179
does more motion at the SI jt occur anteriorly or posteriorly?
anteriorly
180
what is the form closure of the sacrum?
the wedge structure of the sacrum creates closure for the jt and less motion due to its form
181
t/f: there is controversy regarding the topography (arrangement) of the SI jt
true
182
although there is controversy surrounding the axis of rotation of the SI jt, is the motion most likely in the sagittal, transverse, or frontal plane?
sagittal
183
t/f: the SI jt is a straight jt line
false, it is an auricular shape (like an ear)
184
t/f: the SI jt likely encapsulates S1-3
true
185
is the anterior or posterior aspect of the SI jt wider?
the anterior aspect
186
describe the shape of the sacrum
an inverted triangle
187
is the base of the sacrum the top or bottom?
the top
188
is the apex of the sacrum the top or bottom?
the bottom
189
facets of the sacrum move in what plane?
the frontal plane
190
what prevents spondylosthesis (frontal slippage) of the sacrum?
the frontal plane motion at the facets
191
what is the median sacral crest?
the ridge down the center of the posterior sacrum
192
what is the sacral sulcus?
the dimples just medial to the PSIS
193
what would prominent sacral sulci be indicative of?
malposition of the sacrum
194
what is the inferior lateral angle (ILA)?
the edge of the sacrum lateral and superior to the apex
195
what do the sacrotuberus lig and pelvis form?
the greater sciatic foramen
196
what do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberus ligs form?
the lesser sciatic foramen
197
does the piriformis pass through the greater or lesser sciatic foramen?
greater
198
t/f: the post interosseous SIJ lig combines with the sacrotuberous lig to form a network of stabilization
true
199
t/f: the long dorsal lig blends with the post interosseous lig and sacrotuberous lig
true
200
do the posterior or anterior ligaments of the sacrum provide greater support
posterior ligs
201
what is the pubic symphysis?
amphiarthrodial, cartilagenous jt with a fibrocartilagenous disc and hyaline cartilage covering the articular surfaces
202
what provides anterior stability at the pubic symphysis?
muscular expansions
203
t/f: motion at the pubic symphysis occurs through tissue deformation rather than true jt excursion
true
204
what is a critical structure in maintaining the closure of the pelvis?
the pubic symphysis
205
what is the role of the pubic symphysis?
to absorb, direct, control, restrict, and stabilize motions
206
what happens to the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during flexion?
anterior compression, posterior distraction
some rotation and translation
opens the foramen and facets
posterior glide of nucleus
207
what happens to the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex during extension?
anterior distraction, posterior compression
closes foramen and facets
anterior glide of nucleus
208
in what direction do most herniations in the spine occur?
posterolateral
209
do ppl with disc pathology tend to prefer flexion or extension?
extension
210
do ppl with arthritis in facet jts tend to prefer flexion or extension?
flexion
211
what happens in type 1 (non-functional) lumbar SB?
SB/rot to opposite sides with a neutral spine
R SB=L rot
L SB=R rot
212
t/f: lumbar motions are combined, not coupled bc there are changes based on functional demands
true
212
what occurs in type 2 (functional) lumbar SB?
SB/rot to same side out of neutral spine
R SB=R rot
L SB=L rot
213
with R lumbar SB, do the R and L facets open or close?
R closes, L opens
214
with L lumbar SB, do the R and L facets open or close?
R opens, L closes
215
with R lumbar rot, do the R and L facets open or close?
R opens, L closes
216
with L lumbar rot, do the R and L facets open or close?
R closes, L opens
217
what is the position of max closing R in triplanar in the lumbar spine?
R SB (frontal), L rot (transverse), and extension (sagittal)
218
what is the position of max closing L in triplanar in the lumbar spine?
L SB (frontal), R rot (transverse), and extension (sagittal)
219
what is the position of max opening R in triplanar in the lumbar spine?
L SB (frontal), R rot (transverse), flexion (sagittal)
220
what is the position of max opening L in triplanar in the lumbar spine?
R SB (frontal), L rot (transverse), flexion (sagittal)
221
what is iliosacral movement?
the illium moving on the sacrum
222
what is the point of reference for iliosacral motion? (KNOW THIS)
the ASIS!!!!!
223
what are the 3 rules of iliosacral kinematics? (KNOW THIS)
1) IS motion reference point is ASIS
2) illium is linked to the hip and they move together
3) motion occurs in triplanar fashion w/most motion in the sagittal plane
224
what is the illium linked to?
the hip
225
where does most IS motion occur?
in the sagittal plane
226
what IS motions occur in the sagittal plane?
ant/post rotation (tilt)
227
in anterior rotation, how does the ASIS move?
ant and inf
228
when the hip flexors are tight, what sagittal plane IS motion occurs
ant rot
229
in posterior rotation, how does the ASIS move?
post and sup
230
when the hamstrings are tight, what sagittal plane IS motion occurs?
post rot
231
what IS motions occur in the transverse plane?
outflare and inflare
232
in outflare, how does the ASIS move?
points out
233
what hip motion is associated with outflare?
ER
234
in inflare, how does the ASIS move?
points in
235
what hip motion is associated with inflare?
IR
236
what IS motions occur in the frontal plane?
upslip and downslip
237
does the weightbearing side upslip or downslip?
upslip
238
does the nonweightbearing side upslip or downslip?
downslip
239
which motion of the hip creates post rot?
hip flexion
240
which motion of the hip creates ant rot?
hip extension
241
in gait, what IS motions are coupled on one side while the other side does the opposite?
upslip, outflare, and post rot
242
what are the 3 rules of sacroiliac (SI) kinematics?
1) landmark of SI movement=base of sacrum looking anteriorly
2) SI is linked to lumbar spine=when lbar spine moves, sacrum moves
3) sacrum moves in reference to S5 (exception in sagittal plane)
243
when the lumbar spine flexes, what SI motion occurs?
extension
244
when the lumbar spine extends, what SI motion occurs?
flexion
245
what is the landmark of SI motion?
base of the sacrum looking anteriorly
246
what is sacroiliac motion?
the sacrum moving on the ilia
247
what SI motions occur in the transverse plane?
rotation following the lumbar spine
248
if the lumbar spine rotates R, what SI motion occurs?
R sacral rotation
249
if the lumbar spine rotates L, what SI motion occurs?
L sacral rotation
250
what SI motion occurs in the sagittal plane?
flex/ex
251
what is torsion?
triplanar motion of the SI jt
252
what are the axes of torsion?
R oblique axis through R SIJ
L oblique axis through L SIJ
253
when moving forward on the ROA, what motion happens with the sulcus?
the L sulcus gets deeper
254
when moving forward on the LOA, what motion happens with the sulcus?
the R sulcus gets deeper
255
when moving backward on the ROA, what motion happens with the sulcus?
the L sulcus becomes more prominent
256
when moving backward on the LOA, what motion happens with the sulcus?
the R sulcus becomes more prominent
257
more than how many mm of pubic symphysis separation is abnormal?
>3 mm
258
what is the landmark of pubic symphysis motion?
the anterior pubic ramus
259
what motions occur at the pubic symphysis?
sup/inf translation
upward/downward rotation
separation
260
should trunk muscles be activating before or after limb movement? (KNOW THIS)
before !!!!
261
with LBP, there is ___ abdominal strength and ____ extensor activity
decreased, increased
262
what is the cycle of pain in LBP?
pain causes a delay in trunk muscles activation which causes even more pain, continuing the cycle
263
t/f: timing of motor recruitment is the solution to LBP
true
264
do the lumbar flexors and extensors produce compression or tension forces?
compressive
265
t/f: the lumbar flexors produce anti-gravity flexion and/or pelvic post rot
true
266
are the lumbar flexors or extensors active when flexing the trunk from erect standing?
the extensors are active eccentrically
267
are we better at using our deep or superficial muscles?
superficial
268
do the thoracic or lumbar extensors have a greater % of type 1 fibers?
thoracic extensors
269
what motions do the lumbar extensors produce?
trunk extension and increased lordosis
270
t/f: the lumbar extensors limit anterior translation during forward bending
true
271
what is the result of increased tension on any wall of the abdomen?
increased internal pressure
272
how can we activate the transverse abdominals?
pull the belly button up to the ribs
273
what does pulling the belly button up the ribs do?
engages the pelvis floor and multifidus
creates an environment of stability
274
how can we engage the multifidus?
by drawing in the transverse abdominals
