Quiz 3 Material

Question 1

True or False. Water is the most abundant nutrient in the animal body and the most essential.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

What happens to the water and lipid content in the body over time?

Answer 2

water decreases; lipids increase

Question 3

Is water a long term storage? How many days does it take for it to be replaced in the body?

Answer 3

no; 3 days

Question 4

What’s the percentage of water in an animal’s body?

Answer 4

50-60%

Question 5

How much water content is in muscles?

Answer 5

75%

Question 6

How much water content is in adipose tissue?

Answer 6

15%

Question 7

How much water content is in fresh bone?

Answer 7

30%

Question 8

How much water content is in tooth enamel?

Answer 8

5%

Question 9

How is water distributed in the body? (4)

Answer 9

intercellular fluid
extracellular fluid
interstitial fluid (between cells)
GI tract

Question 10

What are the functions of water? (9)

Answer 10

hydration
transports nutrients
lubrication and cushing
solvent
needed for chemical reactions
transfer light and sound
maintain blood volume
regulate body temp
form and structure

Question 11

Is water absorption passive or active?

Answer 11

passive

Question 12

Where does water absorption happen in monogastrics? Where does the majority of absorption happen?

Answer 12

small and large intestine; large intestine

Question 13

Where does water absorption happen in ruminants? (5)

Answer 13

rumen
reticulum
omasum
SI
LI

Question 14

What happens when the large intestine fails to absorb water?

Answer 14

diarrhea

Question 15

How is water excreted? (4)

Answer 15

feces
urine/kidney
sweat
respiration

Question 16

Where do we get water from? (4)

Answer 16

drinking
food
metabolic water - water produced from reaction in body
catabolism of tissue (break down)

Question 17

What factors affect water intake? (6)

Answer 17

temp
intake amount
physiological status (Ex: lactation)
disease conditions
salt intake
indigestible fiber

Question 18

What are monosaccharides? What are some examples?

Answer 18

simple sugars; glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 19

How can carbons be described?

Answer 19

the number of carbons

Question 20

What is a carbohydrate called with 3 carbons?

Answer 20

triose

Question 21

What is a carbohydrate called with 4 carbons?

Answer 21

tetrose

Question 22

What is a carbohydrate called with 5 carbons?

Answer 22

pentose

Question 23

What is a carbohydrate called with 6 carbons?

Answer 23

hexose

Question 24

What is a carbohydrate called with 7 carbons?

Answer 24

heptose

Question 25

What kind of isomerization do carbohydrates have? Which one is found in nature? Which parent compound is it related to?

Answer 25

D and L; D; glyceraldyde

Question 26

What are disaccharides? What bonds are they linked by?

Answer 26

2 sugars bond together; glycosidic

Question 27

What are some important disaccharides? What are their components? (3)

Answer 27

maltose (2 glucose, alpha 1-4 bond) sucrose (glucose and fructose) lactose (glucose and galactose)

Question 28

What are trisaccharides?

Answer 28

3 sugars bond together

Question 29

What's an example of a trisaccharide? What are its components?

Answer 29

raffinose (galactose, glucose, fructose)

Question 30

What's an example of a tetrasaccharide? What are its components?

Answer 30

stachyose (galactose. galactose, glucose, fructose)

Question 31

What do nonstructural polysaccharides do? What are some examples? (2)

Answer 31

store energy starch - plants glycogen - humans/animals

Question 32

What do structural polysaccharides do? What are some examples? (3)

Answer 32

provide structure cellulose hemicellulose pectins

Question 33

True or false. Lignin is not a true carbohydrate.

Answer 33

true

Question 34

What are 2 types of starches? Describe them.

Answer 34

amylose - linear chain, alpha 1,4 bonds, makes up 15-30% of starch amylopectin - branded chain, alpha 1,4 and 1,6 bonds, makes up 70-85% of starch, largest molecule in nature

Question 35

Describe glycogen. (4)

Answer 35

stored in liver and muscles not in large quantities alpha 1,4 and 1,6 bonds 10 units per branch

Question 36

How do monogastircs absorb carbohydrates?

Answer 36

active transport

Question 37

How do ruminants absorb carbohydrates?

Answer 37

rumen - bacteria (VFA) SI - active transport