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OLD "MIC 665" > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where in the mucus layer does commensal bacteria live and why?

A

outer layer
bottom layer is full of IgA creating a “no mans land”

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2
Q

What 2 ways can mucus and AMP secretion be triggered by IEC?

A
  1. IEC themselves when the sense PAMPs
  2. immune cells secrete cytokines that trigger IEC
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3
Q

What is peristalsis and how does cilia aid in it?

A

involuntary movement of gut muscles
cilia helps rid mucus

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4
Q

What is constitutive defense?

A

non-inflammatory process of eliminating pathogens via AMPs and IgA

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5
Q

IEC recognize pathogen via PRR, when its paneth cell that recognizes the PAMP, ________ is released

A

AMP

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6
Q

IEC recognize pathogen via PRR, when its goblet cell that recognizes the PAMP, ________ is released

A

mucins

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7
Q

When regular epithelial cell in gut recognize PAMPs via PRR they increase cell ____________

A

proliferation

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8
Q

Why do probiotics work?

A

bacteria ingested promotes barrier integrity
(cell turn over and increased mucus for clearance)

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9
Q

What does TLR 2 and 4 recognize?

A

bacterial peptidoglycan and LPS

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10
Q

Are TLR 2 and 4 expressed in high or low levels and why?

A

low
prevent over activation since they are on the apical side

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11
Q

What side are TLR 2 and 4 located?

A

apical

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12
Q

What does TLR 5 recognize?

A

bacteria that made it through the barrier

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13
Q

What side is TLR 5 located on?

A

basolateral

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14
Q

Is TLR 5 expressed in high or low levels and why?

A

high
bacteria should never be on basolateral side

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15
Q

TLR 2&4 and TLR 5 both use adaptor protein _________

A

MyD88

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16
Q

IECs can detect intracellular pathogens. Are these PRR up regulated or down regulated?

A

always up regulated because microbes should never be there

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17
Q

IEC secrete CCL___ which recruits CCR__ + dendritic cells to sub-epithelial dome of Peyer’s patch

A

CCL20
CCR6

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18
Q

IEC also secretes CX_____ which recruits APC that stick through the epithelium to sample lumen

A

CX3CR1

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19
Q

IEC produce ________ which is sensed by DCs in lamina properia and promotes tolerance

A

TSLP (thymic stromal lymphpoietin)

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20
Q

IEC produce _____ which is derived from vitamin A, and bacteria can also produce it as well as SCFA (short chain fatty acids) to promote tolerance in DCs.

A

RA (retinoic acids)

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21
Q

Once a DC samples antigen by sticking dendrite in between epithelial cells where does it go?

A

near by Peyer’s pacth or mesenteric lymph node

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22
Q

If a DC is activated by ________, _______ or ______ secreted by IEC, it will activate and expand Tregs to promote tolerance.

A

TSLP
RA
SCFA

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23
Q

IEC, stromal cells, and mast cells in lamina properia secretes IL-___ and _____ to attract monocytes

A

IL-8
TGF-b

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24
Q

CD___ on macrophages promotes inflammatory factors

A

CD14

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25
Epithelial cells produce ________ which promotes B cell class switching
APRIL
26
Epithelial cells produce ________ which aids in T cell independent antibody response
TSLP
27
What are 3 functions of antibodies?
neutralization opsonization complement activation
28
What Igs neutralize?
IgA IgG
29
How do antibodies neutralize?
bind to toxin to prevent it from coming in contact with host cells and prevent replication of viruses
30
What antibody method does the flu vaccine use?
neutralization
31
Does to bacteria or viruses inhibit their replication?
bacteria - no viruses - yes
32
In opsonization, antibodies bind to the pathogen and phagocytic cells bind to the antibodies _____ region
Fc
33
What antibodies complement fix?
IgM IgG
34
Do antibodies have to bind to cell/pathogen to induce complement?
no just makes it easier to activate if it binds
35
What is the end result of complement activation?
c1q binds lysis
36
CD8+ T cells are also known as ...
cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL)
37
Do CTL bind directly to pathogen?
no, interacts with infected cells
38
Do CD4+ helper T cells bind directly to pathogen?
no secrete cytokines and recruits innate cells when activated by APC
39
What is the main role of TH1 cells?
intracellular pathogens and macrophage response
40
What is an inducing cytokine and transcription factor for TH1 cells?
IL-12 Tbet
41
What cytokine does TH1 cells mainly produce?
IFN-g
42
TH1 cells and macrophages interact using CD__ which produces IFN-g
CD40
43
TH1 cells produce IL-____ and _____ to stimulate monocyte production
IL-3 GM-CSF
44
TH1 cells secrete ______ which recruits monocytes
CCL2
45
TH1 cells secrete ______ and ______ to induce local inflammation and increase permeability of epithelium
TNF-a LT-a
46
TH1 cells secrete IL-___ to aid in CD8+ T cell differentiation
IL-2
47
What is the main function of TH2 cells?
multi-cellular pathogens (parasites) and granulocytes (mast cells, basophils, eosinophils
48
What is the inducing cytokine and transcription factor for TH2 cells?
IL-4 GATA
49
What are the effector cytokines of TH2 cells?
IL-4 IL-5 IL-13
50
TH2 effector cytokine, IL-___, promotes epithelial turnover and mucus secretion
IL-13
51
What is the main role of TH17 cells?
extracellular bacteria/fungi and aid neutrophils
52
What are the inducing cytokines and transcription factor for TH17 cells?
IL-6 IL-23 RORyt
53
What are the TH17 effector cytokines?
IL-17 IL-22
54
TH17 cells produce IL-17 which promotes _______ release which will produce more neutrophils
G-CSF
55
What is the most abundant immune cell?
neutrophils
56
TH17 cytokines, IL___ and IL___ promotes epithelial cells to produce AMPs
IL-17 IL-22
57
TH17 cytokine, IL-____, promotes epithelial turnover
IL-22
58
Neutrophils kill via phagocytosis and degranulation which can cause host cell damage, how is this prevented?
increased IL-22 expression increase cell turnover
59
What cytokines do ILC3 and TH17 cells share?
IL-17 IL-22
60
Are TH17 or ILC3 active first and why?
ILC3 doesn't require clonal selection/expansion and resides in tissue
61
How does ILC3 affect the adaptive immune response?
promotes tolerance by down regulating DC, B cells, and T cells
62
What does ILC3 secrete that TH17 cannot?
LT-ab GM-CSF
63
Why does ILC3 not have costimulatory molecules, CD28 and B7, when interacting with DCs?
Presentation without inflammatory response

OLD "MIC 665" (5 decks)

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