Quiz 4- Lec 1-2

Question 1

which aspect of foot is hidden in anatomical position?

Answer 1

plantar

Question 2

which plane divides body into top/bottom halves?

Answer 2

horizontal / transverse/ axial planes

Question 3

axial skeleton of lower limb: components

Answer 3

L4, L5 vertebra, sacrum, coccyx

Question 4

appendicular skeleton of lower limb:

Answer 4

ox coxae, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, foot bones

Question 5

basic compartments of ANTERIOR lower limb (superior to inferior)

Answer 5

(1) hip/coxal (2) thigh/femoral (3) knee/genus (4) leg/crus (5) ankle/talus (6) dorsum (7) foot/pes

Question 6

basic compartments of POSTERIOR lower limb (superior to inferior)

Answer 6

(1) gluteal (2) thigh/femoral (3) knee/genus - calf/sural (4) leg/crus (5) ankle/talus (6) calcaneal (7) plantar (8) foot/pes

Question 7

what is the proximal part of the free limb?

Answer 7

thigh

Question 8

define “flexion”

Answer 8

decrease in joint angle between 2 embryologically VENTRAL/ANTERIOR surfaces being brought closer together

Question 9

define “extension”

Answer 9

increase in joint angle; in which 2 embryologically VENTRAL surfaces are brought further apart

Question 10

Which anterior compartments are FLEXORS?

Answer 10

hip/coxal

Question 11

Which anterior compartments are EXTENSORS?

Answer 11

thigh, leg, dorsum of foot

Question 12

Which posterior compartments are FLEXORS?

Answer 12

thigh, leg, plantar aspect of foot

Question 13

Which posterior compartments are EXTENSORS?

Answer 13

Gluteal

Question 14

Flexion of the ankle is…

Answer 14

Plantar flexion (pointing); decreasing the joint angle between 2 embryologically ventral surfaces

Question 15

Extension of the ankle is…

Answer 15

Dorsiflexion is increasing the joint angle between 2 embryologically ventral surfaces

Question 16

3 possible pairs of hip movements

Answer 16

(1) flexion/extension (2) abduction/adduction (3) internal/external rotation

Question 17

how many axes needed for hip movements?

Answer 17

3 axes of rotation; defined as having 2 points, or forming a line

Question 18

Which hip joint axis is associated w/ FLEXION/EXTENSION?

Answer 18

mediolateral/transverse axis

Question 19

Which plane is associated w/ FLEXION/EXTENSION?

Answer 19

sagittal/median plane

Question 20

Which hip joint axis is associated w/ ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION?

Answer 20

anterioposterior axis

Question 21

Which plane is associated w/ ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION?

Answer 21

frontal/coronal plane

Question 22

Which hip joint axis is associated w/ INTERNAL(medial)/EXTERNAL (lateral) rotation?

Answer 22

longitudinal axis of the thigh

Question 23

Which plane is associated w/ INTERNAL(medial)/EXTERNAL (lateral) rotation?

Answer 23

horizontal/transverse/axial plane

Question 24

Match movement with axis. What is the plane?

Answer 24

Flexion/extension; sagittal/median plane

Question 25

Match movement with axis. What is the plane?

Answer 25

Abduction/adduction; frontal/coronal plane

Question 26

Match movement with axis. What is the plane?

Answer 26

internal/external rotation; horizontal/transverse/axial plane

Question 27

which axis is associated with flexion/extension of the KNEE?

Answer 27

mediolateral/transverse axis

Question 28

in which plane does flexion/extension of the KNEE occur?

Answer 28

sagittal/median plane

Question 29

match the movement and plane of movement with the following image of knee

Answer 29

flexion/extension; w/in sagittal/median plane

Question 30

what axis is associated with plantar flexion/dorsiflexion of the ANKLE?

Answer 30

oblique mediolateral/transverse axis

Question 31

in which plane does plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the ANKLE occur?

Answer 31

oblique sagittal/median plane

Question 32

match the movement and plane of movement with the following image of the ANKLE

Answer 32

plantar flexion/ dorsiflexion; w/in _oblique_ sagittal/median plane

Question 33

drawing toes back towards shins is called:

Answer 33

dorsiflexion

Question 34

pointing your toes is called:

Answer 34

plantar flexion

Question 35

dorsiflexion is (EXTENSION/FLEXION)

Answer 35

EXTENSION

Question 36

plantar flexion is (FLEXION/ EXTENSION)

Answer 36

FLEXION

Question 37

what is the embryologically-ventral surface of the FOOT?

Answer 37

plantar aspect

Question 38

what is the embryologically-ventral surface of the LEG?

Answer 38

posterior calf

Question 39

inversion of foot is similar to (SUPINATION/PRONATION)

Answer 39

supination (towards midline)

Question 40

eversion of foot is similar to (SUPINATION/PRONATION)

Answer 40

pronation (away from midline)

Question 41

axis of rotation for abduction/adduction of the toes is what?

Answer 41

2ND DIGIT

Question 42

where is center of gravity located?

Answer 42

midsagittally and slightly anterior to 2nd sacral vertebrae

Question 43

where does line of gravity lie in relation to hip, knee and ankle joints?

Answer 43

1. Hip - sl posterior to hip joint 2. Knee - anterior to knee 3. Ankle - anterior to ankle by ~2 inches

Question 44

Line of gravity tends to convey the following effects at the hip, knee, and ankle joints:

Answer 44

1) Hyperextend the hip 2) Hyperextend the knee (bc anterior to the transverse) 3) dorsiflex the ankle

Question 45

what muscle(s) limit HIP HYPEREXTENSION?

Answer 45

2 muscles * Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament of Bigelow) * Ischiofemoral ligament

Question 46

what muscle(s) limit KNEE HYPEREXTENSION?

Answer 46

1. intracapsular/extracapsular ligaments providing posterior support 2. gastrocnemius

Question 47

what muslce(s) limit ankle dorsiflexion?

Answer 47

active plantar flexors (i.e. Triceps surae, which is the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles)

Question 48

What defines a gait cycle?

Answer 48

one stride or 2 steps

Question 49

traditional gait cycle (order) - stance phase

Answer 49

1. initial contact /heel strike (0%) 2. foot flat (7%) 3. midstance (30%) 4. heel off (40%) 5. toe off (60%)

Question 50

traditional gait cycle (swing phase) - order

Answer 50

1. acceleration 2. midswing 3. deceleration

Question 51

which forces act together to form the Ground Reaction Force (GRF)?

Answer 51

1. gravitational 2. muscular 3. momentum

Question 52

which force(s) act together during standing?

Answer 52

just gravitational force

Question 53

during which phases in stance phase have GRF forces pointing UPWARDS?

Answer 53

initial contact, midstance, toe off

Question 54

during which of the stance phase is the GRF line pointing down towards the ground?

Answer 54

flat foot, heel off

Question 55

which muscle groups are recruited at each joint to offset GRF during INITIAL CONTACT/HEEL STRIKE?

Answer 55

1. At hip - **hip extensors** 2. At knee - **knee extensors** 3. At ankle - **ankle dorsiflexors**

Question 56

which muscle groups are recruited at each joint to offset GRF during MIDSTRIKE (one limb off the ground)?

Answer 56

1. **Hip abductors** (gluteus maximus/minimus) - on the stance side prevents the pelvis on the swing side from sagging 2. **Knee extensors** are active 3. **Plantar flexors** stabilize the ankle

Question 57

define **compensatory trendelenburg gait**

Answer 57

\*Gait functions as ABDUCTORS that are not working • Trendelenburg test/sign to see if there is drooping on the opposite side; pt may fall or need to grab the table

Question 58

**compensatory trendelenburg gait**: for left side is affected

Answer 58

No pelvix drop/tilt on right side while the right limb is in the swing phase; trunk shifted to the left

Question 59

which muscle groups are recruited at each joint to offset GRF during TOE-OFF?

Answer 59

1. Hip - hip flexors 2. Knee - knee extensors 3. Ankle - ankle plantar flexors

Question 60

**CC: apropulsive or calcaneal gait**

Answer 60

weakness of the ankle plantar flexors can result in insufficient propulsion; there will be no toe-off, but the entire foot will leave the ground at once