Quiz 4- Lec 3-4 Flashcards Preview

2c_Y1 - LEA-Exam 2 > Quiz 4- Lec 3-4 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Quiz 4- Lec 3-4 Deck (38)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

anterior compartment of THIGH (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

A

Developmentally DORSAL (post-axial border, extensor/ABductors)

2
Q

anterior compartment of LEG (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

A

Developmentally DORSAL (post-axial border, extensor/ABductors)

3
Q

lateral compartment of LEG (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

A

Developmentally DORSAL (post-axial border, extensor/ABductors)

4
Q

dorsal compartment of LEG (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

A

Developmentally DORSAL (post-axial border, extensor/ABductors)

5
Q

posterior compartment of THIGH (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

A

Developmentally VENTRAL (pre-axial border, flexor/ADductors)

6
Q

medial compartment of THIGH (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

A

Developmentally VENTRAL (pre-axial border, flexor/ADductors)

7
Q

posterior compartment of LEG (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

A

Developmentally VENTRAL (pre-axial border, flexor/ADductors)

8
Q

plantar compartment of FOOT (developmentally dorsal/ventral)

A

Developmentally VENTRAL (pre-axial border, flexor/ADductors)

9
Q

what innervates all muscles (regardless of dorsal/ventral compartment)?

A

nerves formed by fusions of VENTRAL rami (motor)

10
Q

what does each ventral ramus branch into?

A

posterior division and anterior division

11
Q

POSTERIOR DIVISION branches supply which developmental muscle type?

A

developmentally DORSAL muscles

12
Q

ANTERIOR DIVISION branches supply which developmental muscle type?

A

developmentally VENTRAL muscles

13
Q

when in development does ventral rami penetrate mesenchyme?

A

*as soon as limb bud forms

14
Q

anterior division of ventral rami form which nerve and what is it’s course?

A

obturator neve; courses posteriorly and medially (innervates developmentally ventral muscles)

15
Q

anterior division of ventral rami form innervates which muscles

A

ADDuctors of thigh (by obturator nerve)

16
Q

posterior division of ventral rami form which nerve, and what is it’s course?

A

Femoral nerve; moves anteriorly and laterally (innervates developmentally dorsal muscles)

17
Q

posterior division of ventral rami form innervates which muscles

A

femoral nerve; innervates anterior compartment of thigh (developmentally dorsal)

18
Q

developmentally ventral muscles (anterior/posterior division?)

A

anterior/ventral division of ventral rami

19
Q

developmentally dorsal muscles (anterior/posterior division?)

A

posterior/dorsal division of ventral rami

20
Q

which 3 ventral rami supply both the obturator and femoral nerves?

A

L2, L3, L4

lumbar plexus 2-4

21
Q

posterior division rami L2-L4 supplies which nerve?

A

Femoral nerve

22
Q

posterior division rami L2-L4 supplies which compartment of thigh?

A

Anterior compartment of thigh

23
Q

anterior division rami L2-L4 supplies which nerve?

A

Obturator nerve

24
Q

anterior division rami L2-L4 supplies which compartment of thigh?

A

Medial compartment of thigh

25
Q

Which dermatome supplies big toe?

A

L4

26
Q

which dermatome supplies palmar surface of the foot?

A

L5

27
Q

which dermatome supplies the 5th metatarsal?

A

S1

28
Q

Which side (medial/lateral) of foot is the preaxial border?

A

big toe (medial aspect) = preaxial border; L4

29
Q

which side (medial/lateral) of foot is post-axial border?

A

lateral aspect (pinky toe); S1

30
Q

causes of limb anomalies?

A

genetics (trisomy or mutant genes), environment (i.e. drug/alcohol use during pregnancy), stymied/hindered tissue interactions, or mechanical effects (i.e. amount of amniotic fluid)

31
Q

CC: polydactyly (duplication of digits): characteristics

A
  • inherited DOMINANT trait
  • BILATERAL (usually)
  • the extra digits lack proper development/muscle connections
32
Q

CC: congenital hip dysplasia (abnormal development of hip joint): characteristics

A
  • most likely due to breech position
  • dominant condition of generalized joint laxity
  • more common in females
  • 1/100 - 1/1,000 live births
33
Q

CC: cutaneous syndactyly (webbing of digits): characteristics

A

-lack of apoptosis (programmed cell death) of the mesenchyme between prospective digits –> fusion of all portions of digits

34
Q

When should apoptosis between digits start?

A

week 7

35
Q

CC: talipes equinovarus/ congenital clubfoot: characteristics

A
  • most common musculoskeletal defect (1/1,000 live births)
  • bilateral ~50% of time, 2x more common in males
  • multifactorial inheritance
36
Q

CC: congenital clubfoot - mnemonic for features

A

“CAVE”

  • Cavus: (high arch; 2 longitudinal arches on the foot
  • Adductus: towards midline
  • Varus: refers to calcanei; soles of feet are supinated
  • Equinus: plantar flexion
37
Q

when referring to equinus position of the ankle, does that mean the foot is dorsi-flexed or plantarflexed?

A

plantar flexion (because horses hooves are pointed?); pointed at ankle

38
Q

CC: pt with undiagnosed congenital clubfoot compensates by walking on outside of foot. What osteological findings would result?

A

hypertrophy of 5th metatarsal –> thickens due to excess weight-bearing