Quiz 4 (Other Antimicrobials and Antiparasitic) Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Chloramphenicol-type antibiotic approved for use in cattle
A
Florfenicol
2
Q
What is the withdrawal time for florfenicol?
A
28 day
3
Q
which species should not receive florfenicol?
A
Not for use in adult dairy cows or veal calves
4
Q
what is dermatophytosis?
A
Ring worm
5
Q
what are some topical antifungal drugs? (2)
A
- Miconazole
2. Nystatin
6
Q
what is miconazole commonly used to treat?
A
dermatophytosis
7
Q
what combination of drugs is nystatin? (3)
A
- Antibiotic
- anti-inflammatory
- antifungal
8
Q
what does nystatin not treat?
A
ring worm
9
Q
what drug forms is nystatin available in? (2)
A
- topical
2. oral administration
10
Q
what can griseofulvin cause in a fetus?
A
skeletal malformaiton
11
Q
what drug form is griseofulvin available for horses?
A
powder
12
Q
what are some systemica antifungals? (4)
A
- Ketoconazole
- Itraconazole
- Amphotericin B
- Griseofulvin
13
Q
which route is griseofulvin given?
A
oral
14
Q
where can griseofulvin reach high concentrations?
A
skin, hair, and nails
15
Q
what animal considerations can griseofulvin be toxic
A
pregnant animals and cats
16
Q
what administration route is ketaconazole and itraconazole given?
A
oral administration
17
Q
what administration route is amphotericin B gven?
A
IV
18
Q
what are the possible adverse effects when giving ketaconazole/itraconazole?
A
liver damage
19
Q
what are the possible adverse effects when giving amphotericin B?
A
liver disease
20
Q
what can ketaconazole be used to treat? (2)
A
- ring worm
2. malassezia pachydermitis
21
Q
what is malassezia pachydermitits?
A
yeast ear/skin infection
22
Q
when is amphotercin B used?
A
internal fungal infections
23
Q
what is Famciclovir used to treat?
A
herpes virus infection
24
Q
what route of administration is Famciclovir given?
A
oral
25
what are some antiviral drug? (4)
1. Lysine (Viralys)
2. Famciclovir
3. Oceltamivir (Tamiflu)
4. Alfa interferon
26
which is the largest group of drugs used in veterinary medicine?
Antiparasitics
27
what considerations do you used when choosing an antiparasitic? (4)
1. susceptibility of parasite
2. likely toxicity to animal
3. price
4. ease of application
28
when using antiparasitics what should you take into account?
parasite’s life cycle
29
why is understanding the parasites life cycle inportant when treating with antiparasitics? (2)
1. may only be effective against adult parasites
| 2. other steps may be necessary for successful treatment
30
anthlmintic
drug used to kill helminth parasite
31
helminth parasites
nematode, cestode, and trematodes
32
antiparasitic
drug used to kill or inhibit the growth of internal and external parasites
33
antinematodal
antiparasitic that is effective against nematodes or "roundworms"
34
anticestodal
antiparasitic that is effective against cestodes or "tapeworms"
35
antiprotozoal
antiparasitics that is effective against protozoa
36
antitrematodals
antiparasitic that is effective against tremtodes or "fluke worms"
37
what are some antinematodal antiparasitics? (6)
1. Tetrahydropyrimidines
2. Benzimidazoles
3. Piperazines
4. Avermectins
5. Organophosphates
6. Levamisole
38
which is the most impotant nematode in cattle
tricostrongyle
39
what are some examples of Tetrahydropyrimidines? (2)
1. pyrantel (Strongid, Nemex, Banminth)
| 2. morantel (Nematel)
40
which anitnematodal drug is considered to be safest?
Tetrahydropyrimidines
41
how do Tetrahydropyrimidine affect the parasite?
kill parasites by interfering w/ their CNS
42
what is the spectrum of activty of Tetrahydropyrimidines in horses? (3)
1. ascarids
2. strongyles
3. pinworms
43
what is the spectrum of activty of Tetrahydropyrimidines in cattle?
trichostrongyles
44
what is the spectrum of activty of Tetrahydropyrimidines in cats and dogs? (2)
1. ascarids
| 2. hookworms
45
what should you do before administering liquid forms of pyrantel?
should be shaken
46
which other antinematodal should you not use Tetrahydropyrimidines with?
why?
organophosphate
| could possibly cause CNS abnormalities
47
which antinematodal is one of the most effective and commonly used antiparasitics?
Benzimidazoles
48
what are some example fo benzimidazoles? (7)
1. fenbendazole (Panacur)
2. mebendazole (Telmin)
3. thiabendazole (Equizole)
4. oxibendazole (Filaribits Plus, Anthelcide)
5. albendazole (Valbazen)
6. oxfenbendazole (Synanthic)
7. *febantel (Drontal Plus, Rintal)
49
when metabalized orally what does febantel become?
fenbendazole and oxfenbendaole
50
fenbendazole
Panacur
51
mebendazole
Telmin
52
thiabendazole
Equizole
53
oxibendazole
Filaribits Plus, Anthelcide
54
albendazole
Valbazen
55
oxfenbendazole
Synanthic
56
*febantel
Drontal Plus, Rintal
57
How do benzimidazoles effect the parasites?
by interfering w/ energy metabolism
58
what is the spectrum of activity of benzimidazoles in horses? (3)
1. strongyles
2. pinworms
3. ascarids
59
what is the spectrum of activity of benzimidazoles in cattle? (3)
1. trichostrongyles
2. ascarids
3. stomach worms
60
what is the spectrum of activity of benzimidazoles in cats and dogs? (4)
1. ascarids
2. hookworms
3. whipworms
4. some tapeworms
61
which tapeworm species are benzimidazoles effective against?
tenia
62
in cattle what is albendazole effective against?
liver flukes
63
in cattle what is fenbendazole effective against?
lungworms
64
what can benzimidazoles cause but are rarely observed?
Vomiting and diarrhea rarely observed.
65
what benzimidazoles can be toxic to the liver? (2)
1. Mebendazole
| 2. oxibendazole
66
which antinematodal is a commonly used grocery store dewormer?
piperazine
67
what can filaribits be used for
OTC daily Heart worm medication
68
what are some example of piperazines? (3)
1. piperazine dihydrochloride (Pipa-Tabs)
2. piperazine citrate (Sergeant’s Worm Away)
3. diethylcarbamazine citrate (Nemacide, Filaribits)
69
piperazine dihydrochloride
Pipa-Tabs
70
piperazine citrate
Sergeant’s Worm Away
71
diethylcarbamazine citrate
Nemacide, Filaribits
72
how do piperazines effect the parasite?
paralyze worms
73
what is the spectrum of activity of piperazines in dogs and cats?
ascarids
74
how do Organophosphates effect the parasite?
kills parasites by interfering w/ their CNS
75
what are some examples of Organophosphates? (3)
1. dichlorvos (Task)
2. trichlorfon (Dyrex)
3. coumaphos (Baymix)
76
what is the spectrum of activity of Organophosphates in dogs? (3)
1. ascarids
2. hookworms
3. whipworms
77
what is the spectrum of activity of Organophosphates in horses?
bot worms
78
what kind of parasites are organophosphate most commonly used against?
external parasistes
79
wwhich antinematodal is commonly used in large animals
avermectin
80
what are some examples of avermectins? (4)
1. Ivermectin (Ivomec, Eqvalan, Heartgard)
2. Doramectin (Dectomax)
3. Moxidectin (Quest, Cydectin, ProHeart 6)
4. Selamectin (Revolution)
81
which avermectins are often used as a heartworm preventative? (2)
1. Moxidectin
| 2. selamectin
82
what are avermectins commonly used for in large animals?
round worm
83
what are avermectins commonly used for in small animals?
heart worm
84
where did some fo the avermectins durive from?
streptomyces spp
85
How do avermectins affect the parasite?
kills parasites by interfering w/ their CNS
86
what is the spectum of activity for avermectins?
internal and external
87
what is the specturm of activity of avermectins in horses? (4)
1. bots
2. ascarids
3. strongyles
4. pinworms
88
what is the specturm of activity of avermectins in swine? (4)
1. ascarids
2. strongyles
3. lungworms 4. (mites)
89
what is the specturm of activity of avermectins in cattle? (3)
1. trichostrongyles
2. lungworms 3.
3. (sucking lice)
90
what is the specturm of activity of avermectins in dogs and cats? (3)
1. heartworm microfilaria
2. ascarids/hookworms in cats
3. (fleas, mites)
91
which breed of dogs should you avoid using avermectins?
| Why?
Collie breeds
| some have genetic mutation that can lead to avermectin toxicity
92
what are some signs of avermectin toxicity? (5)
1. hypersalivation
2. dilated pupils
3. ataxia
4. tremors
5. depression
93
what is a concerns with using avermectin on horses and cattle?
sometimes develop inflammatory reaction to dead parasites
94
what causes collies to be sensitive to avermectin?
MDR-1 genetic mutation
| - Cannot produce a normal transport protein (p-glyco-protein) to remove drug from the CNS
95
why should cows not be treated with avermectin with possible bot flys?
Dead larva can created an inflammatory nodule in the esohagus or vetebral colum
Avoid treating during the late fall
96
which antinematodal drug is an older, inexpensive antiparasitic that has immunostimulant activity
Used mostly in large animals
97
how does levamisole affectthe parasite
CNS system
98
which group of species is levamisole moslty used in?
large animals
99
what is the spectrum of activity of levamisoel in horses? (2)
1. ascarids
| 2. stronglyes
100
what is the spectrum of activity of levamisoel in cattle? (2)
1. trichostrongyles
| 2. lungworms
101
what is the spectrum of activity of levamisoel in dogs and cats?
lungworms
102
what drug forms is levamisol available in
injectable and oral
103
what are some adult heart worm antiparasitics? (2)
1. Thiacetarsemide (Caparsolate)
| 2. Melarsomine (Immiticide)
104
what are some microfilaria antiparasitics?
1. Diethylcarbamazine (Filaribits)
2. Ivermectin (Heartgard 30)
3. Milbemycin oxime (Interceptor, Sentinel)
4. Selamectin (Revolution)
5. Moxidectin (Pro-Heart)
105
which antiparasitic is most commonly used to kill adult heatworm?
Melarsomine
106
why should you test for heart worm before placing the animal on preventative? (2)
1. Treatment wont be enough
| 2. They will have and anafalactic reaction
107
what is an example of an anticestodal drug?
isoquinolones
108
what are some isoquinolones? (2)
1. Praziquantel
| 2. Epsiprantel
109
what drug forms is praziquantel available in?
tablet and injectable
110
how does prazuquantel affect the parasite?
reduces the tapeworms resistance to digestion in the animals GIT
111
what is praziquantels spectrum on activity in dogs and cats?
all common tapeworm species
112
what are some possible side effect after administration of praziquantel?
vomiting and diarrhea occassion
113
how do you eliminate the reinfection of tapeworms?
must eliminate fleas and prevent hunting
114
what are some example fo praziquantel?
1. droncit
| 2. drontal
115
what age can praziquantel be given to puppies and kittens
puppies 4 weeks
| kitties 6 weeks
116
what route can epsiprantel be given?
oral
117
how does epsiprantel affect the parasites?
reduces the tapeworm’s resistance to digestion in the animal’s GIT
118
what is epsiprantel spectrum of activity?
effective against most tapeworm species infecting dogs & cats
119
which tapeworm species is epsiprantel not effective against?
Echinococcus
120
what age can epsiprantel be administered to puppies and kitties?
7 weeks
121
what is an antitrematodal drug? (2)
1. Albendazole (Valbazen)
| 2. Clorsulon (Curatrem, Ivomec Plus)
122
how does albendazole and clorsulon affect the parasites?
interferes w/ parasite metabolism
123
what parasites are albendazole and clorsulon effective against in cattle?
liver flukes
124
what are some antitrematodal drugs
1. Amprolium (Corid)
2. Sulfonamide antibiotics
3. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
125
how does amporlim effect coccidia?
inhibits thiamine uptake
126
what is amprolium used to treat in calves?
coccidia
127
what species is sufonaminde drugs used on to treat coccidia?
chickens, turkeys, cattle, dogs and cats
128
what is metronidazole use to treat in dog and cats?
giardia
