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Pharmacology III > Quiz 9 > Flashcards

Quiz 9 Flashcards

1
Q

How do alkylating agents work?

A
  1. Cross-linkage of DNA
  2. Breaks DNA
  3. Activator of cell cycle checkpoints resulting in apoptosis
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2
Q

How do abx CA agents work?

A

Bind to DNA

  1. Produce free radicals
  2. Damage DNA as single-strand breaks or cross-links
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3
Q

How do mitotic spindle inhibitors work?

A

inhibit kinetochores causing improper attachment to spindle microtubules
Cells exit mitosis or dies

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4
Q

How do antimetabolites work?

A

Structurally similar to purine/pyrimidines

  1. Misincorporation into DNA
  2. Abnormal timing or progression through DNA synthesis
  3. Altered function of purine/pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes
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5
Q

Stimulate WBC

A

Colony stimulating factors

  1. Filgrastin - Neupogem - G-CSF
  2. Sargramostim - Leukine - GM-CSF
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6
Q

What onco drugs can cause severe diarrhea?

A
  1. 5-fluorouracil
  2. Irinotecan

Tx - Hydration, electrolytes, Loperamide, Octreotide if resistant

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7
Q

Which onco drugs cause ~100% hair loss?

A
  1. Anthracyclines
  2. Alkylating inhibitors
  3. Topoisomerase inhibitors
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8
Q

Tx advanced prostate CA

A
  1. Elimination of testosterone production

2. LHRH w/ antiandrogen

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9
Q

Where do LHRH agonists work?

A

Hypothalamus sit on receptors inc. T but then it shuts down

Causes same T levels as surgical castration
Sx get worse, then good!

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10
Q

What are the LHRH agonists?

A
  1. Goserelin - Zoladex
  2. Histrelin - Vantas
  3. Leuprolide - Lupron
  4. Triptorelin - Telstar
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11
Q

What are the antiandrogens?

A
  1. Abiraterone - Zytiga
  2. Bicalutamide - Casodex
  3. Enzalutamide - Xtandi
  4. Flutamide
  5. Nilutamide - Nilandron

**Used in combination therapy
CYP3A4 & 2C19

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12
Q

Tx closed angle glaucoma

A

Laser surgery

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13
Q

Tx open angle glaucoma

A
  1. Prostaglandin analogs
  2. Beta-blockers
  3. Miotics
  4. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  5. Adrenergics
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14
Q

Prostaglandin analogs

A

1st line Tx for open angle glaucoma

  1. Travoprost - Travatan Z
  2. Bimatoprost - Lumigan
  3. Latanoprost - Xalatan

Causes eyelashes to grow

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15
Q

Beta lockers for open angle glaucoma

A

Timolo - Timoptic

Avoid in asthma, COPD, advanced cardiac disease

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16
Q

Miotics

A

Open angle glaucoma

  1. Carbachol
  2. Pilocarpine

Causes visual changes - dec. vision at night

17
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Open angle glaucoma

  1. Dorzolamide - Trusopt
  2. Brizolamide - Azopt
  3. Acetazolamide - Diamox (PO)

Weird taste, superficial punctate keratitis

18
Q

Andrenergics for open angle glaucoma

A

Brimonidine - Alphagan P

Macular edema, redness, irritation

19
Q

What drugs might inc. IOP?

A
  1. Antihistamines
  2. Anticholinergics - oxybutynin, tolterodine, benztropine, trihexylphenidine, TCAs
  3. Chronic steroids
  4. Topiramate
20
Q

Antihistamines for allergic conjunctivitis

A
  1. Naphazoline & Pheniramine
    Use for 72h due to rebound vasodilation
  2. Ketotifen
21
Q

Tx bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  1. Erythromycin (ointment)

2. Polymyxin-trimethoprim (drops)

22
Q

AREDS formulation

A

Prevent progression of Dry AMD

  1. Vit C
  2. Vit E
  3. Zinc oxide
  4. Copper oxide
  5. Beta-carotene or Lutein/Zeaxanthin
23
Q

Tx Wet AMD

A

VEGF - Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors

  1. Pegaptanib - Macugen
  2. Bevacizumab - Avastin
  3. Afilbercept - Elyea
  4. Ranibizumab - Lucentis

ADRs

  1. Retinal detachment
  2. Hypersensitivity
  3. Inc. IOP
  4. Thromboembolic events
  5. Visual disturbances
24
Q

No tears due to ocular inflammation?

A

Cyclosporin - Restasis

Immunomodulator

25
Q

Tx claudication

A
  1. Cilostazol - Pletal
  2. Clopidogrel/Aspirin
  3. Pentoxyfylline - Trental

Pharmacology III (20 decks)

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