Quiz 9 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Based on the Charles Harper reading, which of the following are aspects of culture? A) language B) ideas C) weapons D) computers E) all of the above F) only “a” and “b”
E) all of the above
Based on Harper’s chapter, which of the following are negative consequences associated with the agricultural revolution of 7,000 years ago?
A) military conquest and slavery
B) the overuse of grasslands and the pollution of waterways
C) the patriarchal domination of women increased
D) freedom was curtailed as peasants were controlled by landlords and rulers in ways inconceivable to hunters and gatherers.
E) all of the above
F) only “a” and “b”
E) all of the above
According to Charles Harper, how do/did hunter gatherers think of themselves in relation to the environment?
A) as people in nature
B) they tended to view nature as a garden and they as the gardeners
C) they believed nature was chaotic and that it was their job to subdue it
D) they believed they were the chosen species and that they had a right to use the world as they wanted.
E) none of the above
A) as people in nature
Based on Charles Harper, which of the following is associated with the Dominant Social Paradigm (DSP) of agricultural societies?
A) Nature is seen as a garden to be tended.
B) being keenly aware of their dependence on nature and treading lightly
C) Wild plants that invade crop fields are seen as a nuisance that needs to be eliminated.
D) Wild animals that compete with livestock have to be killed.
E) “a”, “b” and “c”
F) “a”, “c” and “d”
F) “a”, “c” and “d”
According to Charles Harper, which of the following are aspects of the DSP of industrial societies?
A) the Earth and other species are seen as a huge resource base to be used and managed to satisfy human needs and desires.
B) there is a high valuation of nature for its own sake.
C) it is assumed that maximizing wealth is important, and environmental risks are acceptable in doing so.
D) it is assumed that there are no real limits to growth that can’t be overcome by technology
E) all of the above
F) only “a”, “c” and “d”
F) only “a”, “c” and “d”
According to Charles Harper, what is the relationship between populations and the environment?
A) population size is the only determinant of environmental impact
B) population size is irrelevant to environmental impact
C) while population size is important, its impact is mediated by the society’s technology
D) population size only matters in first world countries
E) population size only matters in the developing world
F) none of the above
C) while population size is important, its impact is mediated by the society’s technology
According to Stella Capek, how can sociological theories help us?
A) they help hide social structures that shape environmental issues
B) by helping to hide deep structures, they help us remain in blissful ignorance
C) they help illuminate the stable, persistent, often hidden patterns of social relationships that become established over time
D) by illuminating deep structures and how they operate, they offer us the opportunity to make more conscious choices about participating in or changing dysfunctional social patterns
E) “a” and “b”
F) “c” and “d”
F) “c” and “d”
According to a social constructionist perspective…
A) everyone sees the same thing when looking at a tree
B) culture plays no part in shaping how we view trees
C) culture shapes how we view and interact with the tree
D) “a” and “b”
E) none of the above
C) culture shapes how we view and interact with the tree
Based on the Capek reading, what does “naturework” refer to?
A) it is yardwork, such as mowing lawns and raking fallen leaves
B) it is the work that volunteers undertake when cleaning up beaches
C) it is the harvesting work that farmers do
D) it is constant work we do to transform ‘nature’ into culture, filtering it through the screen of social meanings we have learned.
E) none of the above
D) it is constant work we do to transform ‘nature’ into culture, filtering it through the screen of social meanings we have learned.
According to Stella Capek, what needs to be in place in order for people to feel it is okay to throw a can out from a speeding car?
A) the person’s disconnection from the place being littered
B) the belief that they won’t get caught
C) the belief that the littering won’t have a big effect on the environment
D) the belief that the natural world is there for us to use as we wish
E) all of the above
F) only “c” and “d”
E) all of the above
Applying Stella Capek’s concept of “naturework” to New Zealand, which of the following would compel farmers to think it is NOT okay pollute the land with pesticides?
A) a deep connection to the land
B) a belief they are accountable to the community
C) a belief that their practices have an insignificant impact on the environment
D) a belief that the natural world is there for them to use as they wish
E) all of the above
F) only “a” and “b”
E) “a” and “b”
Based on the book Ishmael: An Adventure of the Mind and Spirit, which of the following are included among the Leavers? A) hunters and gatherers B) people who practice agriculture C) industrialists D) capitalists E) extra-terrestrials F) none of the above
A) hunters and gatherers
According to Ishmael, we are captives to a story that is causing environmental destruction. What is that story?
A) a story where all species are valued for their own sake
B) a story where humans see themselves as custodians of the environment for future generations
C) a story where humans seek to live symbiotically with all other species
D) a story where mankind is cast as the conqueror of the world
E) none of the above
D) a story where mankind is cast as the conqueror of the world
Based on the book Ishmael: An Adventure of the Mind and Spirit, which of the following is NOT an aspect of the Takers’ mythology?
A) The Gods created chaos in the world and it is mankind’s duty to put things in order
B) Mankind was made to conquer the world
C) Environmental problems are simply a price mankind has to pay for fulfilling its destiny
D) Mankind is but one species among many, with every species having a right to live
E) More conquest and more technology will solve our environmental problems
D) Mankind is but one species among many, with every species having a right to live
To what event does Ishmael trace the birth of Taker culture?
A) the invention of fire
B) the invention of metalworking
C) the agricultural revolution
D) the industrial revolution
E) the scientific-technological revolution
F) none of the above
C) the agricultural revolution
Which of the following are parts of the Taker story?
A) the world was made for mankind
B) mankind was made to conquer the world and rule it
C) mankind is the climax of evolution in the universe
D) mankind is part of nature and will thrive if it works with nature
E) “a”, “b” and “c”
F) only “c” and “d”
E) “a”, “b” and “c”
What excuses are given for all the social problems associated with enacting the Taker story?
A) the problems are just a price to pay for the conveniences of the modern world
B) there is something fundamentally wrong with humans, which makes them stupid, greedy & destructive
C) humans don’t want paradise
D) the Leavers have conspired to undo the progress of the Takers
E) all of the above
F) only “a” and “b”
F) only “a” and “b”
Drawing on Ishmael (chapters 6-9), which of the following are things Takers do that are never done by other in community of life?
A) Takers exterminate their competitors
B) Takers enhance biodiversity
C) Takers systematically their competitors’ food
D) Takers deny their competitors access to food
E) all of the above
F) only “a”, “c” and “d”
F) only “a”, “c” and “d”
Drawing on Ishmael, what does the law of limited competition promote?
A) closer rugby matches
B) better sportsmanship in football matches
C) greater diversity
D) less diversity
E) better rules
F) less sustainability
C) greater diversity
What are the consequences of violating the law of limited competition? A) greater crop diversity B) greater biodiversity C) greater ecological vulnerability D) greater ecological resilience E) “a” and “b” F) “a”, “b” and “d”
C) greater ecological vulnerability
According to Ishmael, why are takers violating the law of limited competition?
A) because we’re clumsy
B) because we don’t know any better and we are blundering our way
C) we are deliberately at war with it
D) “a” and “b”
E) “b” and “c”
F) none of the above
C) we are deliberately at war with it
