Quiz genetics

Question 1

Medal worked with…

Answer 1

Pea plants and 7 traits

Question 2

3:1 ratio occurs in what generation

Answer 2

f2

Question 3

Mono hybrid cross looks at

Answer 3

1 gene

Question 4

P generation in Mendel experiment

Answer 4

Parentsl generation, homozygous dominant purple flowers and homozygous recessive white flowers

Question 5

F1 generation…

Answer 5

Heterozygote purple flower Pp

Question 6

When hybrid plants produce gametes..

Answer 6

The two alleles segregate, half of the gametes receiving P allele and half of p allele.

Question 7

Law of segregation in Mendel

Answer 7

Purple flower trait completely masks the white flower trait(true breeding plants)

Question 8

In the law of segregation, cross __ to generate __

Answer 8

f1, F2

Question 9

In the law of segregation

1. Definiton
2. Units

Answer 9

Units must be discrete, genes have alternate forms.

Question 10

P Vs F1 vs F2

Answer 10

F1 is two heterozygotes being crossed

F2 results of F1

Question 11

True breeding vs hybrid

Answer 11

True breeding: homozygous same genes

Hybrid: heterozygotes different alleles

Question 12

Self pollination vs cross pollination

Answer 12

Self: plants own sperm and egg come together
Cross: egg from one plant, sperm from another plant come together

Question 13

Particulate theory vs blending theory

Answer 13

Particulate: each unit is discrete
Blending: might get intermediate allele, or third phenotype, no discete unit

Question 14

Genotype ratio vs phenotype

Answer 14

Genotype: 1:2:1, alleles
Phenotype: what they look like 3:1

Question 15

Unknown dominant trait with something you know

Answer 15

Test cross

Question 16

To determine if it’s genotype is PP or Pp, cross with a

Answer 16

Recessives phenotype like pp

Question 17

Why do Punnett squares work?

Answer 17

Law of segregation

Question 18

Punnett Squares represent…

Answer 18

All the possible gametes that each parent contribute

Question 19

Dihybrid ratio

Answer 19

9:3:3:1

RrYy both for Mendel cross

Question 20

Law of independent assortment

Answer 20

Two trait inheritance

Pairs of alleles for a given trait seperwted independently or other pairs of alleles.

Question 21

Mendel would’ve never developed this law if he’d chosen traits located on the same chromome. Why?

Answer 21

They always would’ve traveled together

Question 22

What deviates from the reexpected results of mendels law of independent assortment

Answer 22

Linked jeans

Question 23

What are linked genes?

Answer 23

Two or more genes are same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.

Question 24

Don’t get as many recombinants…

Answer 24

Linked genes

Question 25

Incomplete dominance is ... | Ex?

Answer 25

Heterozygote has a third phenotype, blend. | Red and white flowers make pink.

Question 26

Neither allele is dominant nor recessive...

Answer 26

Incomplete dominance

Question 27

Co-dominance definition

Answer 27

Heterozygous individual expresses both traits simultaneously. Both show phenotype but no blend.

Question 28

Neither allele is recessive in...

Answer 28

Co dominance

Question 29

How many alleles are possible in multiple alleles

Answer 29

3

Question 30

What are multiple alleles... | Ex?

Answer 30

Gene exists in several forms. | ABO blood types

Question 31

What is polygenic inheritance

Answer 31

Occurs when a trait is controlled by two or more genes.

Question 32

In polygenic inheritance, each dominant allele has...

Answer 32

A qualitative effect on the phenotype. | More dominant: darker effect

Question 33

Sex linked are on which chromosome

Answer 33

X, not y

Question 34

No alleles on the what chromosome in sex linked

Answer 34

Y

Question 35

The phenotypic expression of one gene affects that of another, masking

Answer 35

Epistasis

Question 36

X activation only occurs in

Answer 36

Females

Question 37

What is X inactivation

Answer 37

One of two X chromosomes in each cell becomes inactive dur my embryonic development

Question 38

Inactive X chromosomes are called...

Answer 38

Barr bodies

Question 39

X activation in humans only occurs when we have a .... condition

Answer 39

Heterozygote

Question 40

X linked mutation prevents...

Answer 40

Development of pigment in skin

Question 41

Explain how meiosis results in the transmission of chromosomes from one generation to the next...

Answer 41

Chromosomes passed on via sperm and egg which determines how that gene is inherited.

Question 42

Genetic variation is ___ by meiosis in what two ways?

Answer 42

Fertilization: one gamete from each parent forms a zygote. | Recombination and independent assortment in meiosis: each gamete contains a different set of DNA.

Question 43

Each person has ___ copies of every gene carried on an ___.

Answer 43

Two, autosome (inherited from mom and dad)

Question 44

For sexually reproducing diploid parents in meiosis, separation of chromatid occurs...and there are ...rounds of cell division

Answer 44

Once, two

Question 45

How many rounds of division is there in mitosis

Answer 45

1

Question 46

Difference between metaphase 1 and metaphase 2:

Answer 46

* metaphase 1: tetrads are aligned along the metaphase plate. * 2: single chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate

Question 47

Homologous pairs of chromosomes

Answer 47

Tetrads

Question 48

What happens during prophase

Answer 48

Nuclear membrane degrades

Question 49

Anaphase 1 meiosis

Answer 49

tetrads migrate to opposite poles, sister chromatids stay attached

Question 50

Sister chromatids separate in __ and from __

Answer 50

Meiosis 2, from haploid daughter Cells

Question 51

In a chi-square if it is less than the critical value

Answer 51

Accept the null, independent assortment

Question 52

In pedigrees: If parents are heterozygotes...

Answer 52

two children may not be affected. Both parents infected, and 2/4 children autosomal dominant

Question 53

Plants need hexokinase for...

Answer 53

Glycolysis not photosynthesis

Question 54

Recombination frequency is equal to

Answer 54

Map distance

Question 55

What can influence gene activity, what can it lead to?

Answer 55

Environment, change in phenotype

Question 56

Nondisjunction offcurs In

Answer 56

Anaphase 2

Question 57

Nondisjunction produces

Answer 57

Gamete with a missing chromosome, error in crossing over, half of gametes will have the right number of chromosomes and the other half will not.

Question 58

Sex chromomes determine the...

Answer 58

Phenotype of sex in humans, seperate during meiosis

Question 59

Meiosis 2 vs meiosis 1

Answer 59

Meiosis 2: sister chromatids seperate, haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent. Meiosis 1: homo chrom. Seperate, line up in pairs, form a set of 4 chromatid

Question 60

Synopsis of homologous chromosomes allows for...

Answer 60

Crossing over to occur, increase in genetic variation

Question 61

The closer the genes are to each other...

Answer 61

The lower the change of them being separated from each other by crossing over

Question 62

X linked recessive

Answer 62

Parents don’t have it, only males effected

Question 63

Autosomal dominant

Answer 63

It shows in every generation

Question 64

Autosomal recessive

Answer 64

It’s not in every generation

Question 65

How does crossing over generate genetic diversity

Answer 65

Prophase in meiosis 1, allows genes from each parent to intermix

Question 66

How does Random chromatid assortment generate genetic diversity?

Answer 66

Chromatids seperate and are distributed randomly to daughter cells in meiosis 2.

Question 67

How does random fertilization generate genetic diversity

Answer 67

Fusion of gametes during fertilization will produce a zygote with many diploid combos

Question 68

Explain the inheritance of genes and traits as described by Mendel...

Answer 68

Deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units

Question 69

Mendel tracked...

Answer 69

Segregation of parental genes and offspring as dominant or recessive traits

Question 70

Explain how chromosomal inheritance generates genetic variation in sexual reproduction. (3)

Answer 70

Produces different gene combos: crossing over in homologous chromosomes, random assortment of chromosomes, fusion of gametes from dif. Parents

Question 71

Outcomes of meiosis

Answer 71

For daughter cells haploid

Question 72

Meiosis 1 is known as the

Answer 72

Reductional division

Question 73

Random orientation of homologous chromosomes occurs in...

Answer 73

Metaphase of meiosis 1

Question 74

Individual chromosomes that carry genes derived from two different parents...

Answer 74

Recombinant chromosomes

Question 75

Homologs separate from each other, sister chromatids joined at the centromere in what phase...

Answer 75

Anaphase 1

Question 76

Combo of sister chromatid cohesion and crossing over leads to...

Answer 76

Chiasmata

Question 77

Raw material for evolution by natural selection

Answer 77

Genetic variation

Question 78

Homozygotes are...

Answer 78

True breeding

Question 79

Phenotypic range of a genotype

Answer 79

Norm of reaction

Question 80

Genes located on the same chromosome and that the behavior of the chromosomes account for law of segregation and independent assortment

Answer 80

Chromosomes theory of inheritance

Question 81

Extra copy of chromosome

Answer 81

Trisomy

Question 82

Missing copy

Answer 82

Monosomy

Question 83

More than two complete sets of chromosomes

Answer 83

Polyploidy