Quiz recap

Question 1

During signal transduction involving G protein and cAMP, what do protein kinases add to target proteins?

Answer 1

Phosphate groups

Question 2

Which is a major group of enzyme-linked receptors

Answer 2

Tyrosine kinases

Question 3

Many intracellular receptors are transcription factors; when activated, they activate or repress specific _____.

Answer 3

genes

Question 4

Every type of chemical bond contains a certain amount of energy. The total bond energy, which is essentially equivalent to the total potential energy of the system, is a quantity known as

Answer 4

enthalpy

Question 5

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of:

Answer 5

the citric acid cycle

Question 6

Which is the energy source that drives the Calvin cycle?

Answer 6

ATP and NADH

Question 7

What is the first step in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 7

CO2 attaches to RuBP.

Question 8

Which list correctly orders soil particles in increasing diameter?

Answer 8

Clay, silt, sand

Question 9

Which is the correct horizontal pathway of water from the soil to the center of the root?

Answer 9

root hair → epidermis → cortex → endodermis → pericycle → xylem

Question 10

At the center of an herbaceous eudicot stem is:

Answer 10

pith

Question 11

Vascular cambium gives rise to which of the following tissues?

Answer 11

secondary xylem

Question 12

Epidermal cells secrete a ____ to reduce water loss

Answer 12

cuticle

Question 13

A tissue is a group of ____.

Answer 13

closely associated, similar cells

Question 14

True or false: A neuron is made up of an axon and a glial cell.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Most chemical digestion occurs in the:

Answer 15

duodenum

Question 16

How are amino acids absorbed by the small intestine?

Answer 16

Active transport

Question 17

Bile is produced in the ____ and stored in the ____.

Answer 17

liver, gallbladder

Question 18

The resting potential of a neuron results from a:

Answer 18

negative cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid.

Question 19

What event begins the process of repolarization following an action potential?

Answer 19

Na+ channel inactivation gates close.

Question 20

What is the function of the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 20

It helps the body respond to changes in the external environment.

Question 21

How does gravity detection in humans work?

Answer 21

Otoliths are pulled down by gravity onto stereocilia, stimulating nerve impulses.

Question 22

An individual born without Pacinian corpuscles will not

Answer 22

sense surface vibrations easily.

Question 23

Insulin is produced by the:

Answer 23

beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.

Question 24

During stressful situations, epinephrine initiates:

Answer 24

the dilation of the blood vessels to the brain.

Question 25

What is the largest group of hormones?

Answer 25

Peptide hormones

Question 26

Hormones are synthesized from cholesterol are part of the ____ group of hormones

Answer 26

steroid hormone

Question 27

Bone cells called ____ continually remodel bone.

Answer 27

osteoblasts

Question 28

Large, multinucleate cells that break down bone are called:

Answer 28

osteoclasts

Question 29

Troponin and tropomyosin regulate:

Answer 29

actin and myosin interactions

Question 30

What is the correct order of events that occur during muscle contraction?

Answer 30

Acetylcholine is released, t-tubules are depolarized, calcium binds to troponin, ATP molecule is split, filaments slide, muscle shortens

Question 31

The percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is highest in the:

Answer 31

pulmonary capillaries where oxygen concentration is highest. .

Question 32

Which of the following areas of the respiratory tract is lined with a single layer of epithelial cells?

Answer 32

Alveoli

Question 33

When drinking water at a party you sneeze and water comes out of your nose. Why did this happen?

Answer 33

The pharynx and nasal cavity were connected.

Question 34

Which of the following structures is considered to be the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 34

Sinoatrial node

Question 35

Blood pressure depends on:

Answer 35

blood flow and resistance of blood against the vessel walls.

Question 36

Osmoconformers would most likely be found in:

Answer 36

open ocean waters

Question 37

Trace the flow of urine through the 5 major structures

Answer 37

Renal papilla, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Question 38

Secretion in the nephron occurs primarily where?

Answer 38

In the distal convoluted tubule

Question 39

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 39

It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water so more is reabsorbed.

Question 40

The basis of the immune system is:

Answer 40

distinguishing between the self and the nonself

Question 41

What is considered a component of adaptive immunity?

Answer 41

An antibody

Question 42

Before a pathogen can be destroyed in the antibody-mediated process, a T helper cell must recognize a(n) ____ on the surface of a macrophage.

Answer 42

antigen-MHC complex

Question 43

____ are responsible for cell mediated immunity.

Answer 43

T-lymphocytes

Question 44

The main antigen presenting cells of the body are:

Answer 44

macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells

Question 45

The principle of nuclear equivalence states that:

Answer 45

there is no loss of genetic information through determination or differentiation

Question 46

The fast block to polyspermy involves the:

Answer 46

opening of ion channels that change the polarity of the egg membrane

Question 47

Following cleavage of the zygote, which of the following is the first to occur?

Answer 47

Morula

Question 48

Which structure is the most immediate precursor of the brain?

Answer 48

Neural tube

Question 49

A human embryo is capable of movement and has gonads that are distinguishable as either testes or ovaries by the end of the:

Answer 49

first trimester