Quizzes

Question 1

The tunica dartos muscle pushes the testis away from the body for a short period of time while the cremaster muscle pulls the testes closer for an extended period of time. T or F?

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Thermoregulation is essential for spermatozoa to develop in the testes. What is the network of blood vessels and artery called that are responsible for decreasing body temperature in the testes?

Answer 2

Pampiniform plexus

Question 3

What are the two main components that help maintain the blood testis barrier?

Answer 3

-Peritubular Cells
-Tight Junctions between sertoli Cells

Question 4

What components make up the seminiferous tubule/tubular component of the testes?

Answer 4

-Peritubular cells
-Seminiferous epithelium
-Basement membrane

Question 5

What accessory sex gland provides the gel fraction with the boar’s ejaculate?

Answer 5

Bulbourethral gland

Question 6

The retractor muscle is important for extending the penis and is found in the stallion. T or F?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What hormonal analog goes with Follitropin

Answer 7

FSH

Question 8

What hormonal analog goes with Cystorelin and Factrel

Answer 8

GnRH

Question 9

What hormonal analog goes with ECP

Answer 9

Estradiol

Question 10

Epicrine

Answer 10

Hormones pass through gap junctions without entering extracellular fluid

Question 11

Neuroendocrine

Answer 11

Hormones can be synthesized in neurons and secreted directly into the bloodstream

Question 12

Paracrine

Answer 12

Hormones diffuse through interstitial fluid

Question 13

Endocrine

Answer 13

Hormones are transported through the blood

Question 14

Exocrine

Answer 14

Chemical substances are secreted to the exterior of the body or into the digestive tract

Question 15

Autocrine

Answer 15

Hormones are produced by a cell and can affect itself

Question 16

What portion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is responsible for secreting gonadotrophs?

Answer 16

Pars distalis

Question 17

What region of the brain surrounds the anterior part of the hypothalamus

Answer 17

Optic chiasm

Question 18

What region of the brain surrounds the posterior part of the hypothalamus

Answer 18

Mammillary bodies

Question 19

What region of the brain surrounds the dorsal part of the hypothalamus

Answer 19

thalamus

Question 20

What region of the brain surrounds the ventral part of the hypothalamus

Answer 20

sphenoid bone

Question 21

What is the principle of cell signaling in the correct order

Answer 21

Reception, Transduction, Response

Question 22

Protein hormones, steroid hormones, and catecholamine are unable to diffuse into the cell. T or F?

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What hormone do leydig cells produce when stimulated by LH

Answer 23

Testosterone

Question 24

Which types of sperm cells are undifferentiated and mitotically divide to generate future mature spermatozoa

Answer 24

-Spermatogonia A
-Spermatogonia B

Question 25

Pathway of sperm through the male reproductive tract

Answer 25

1. Seminiferous tubules 2. Rete tubules 3. efferent ducts 4. head of epididymis 5. body of epididymis 6. tail of epididymis 7. vas deferens 8. Urethra

Question 26

Where structure do sperm not enter?

Answer 26

Seminal vesicles

Question 27

What are the characteristics of ovulation associated with the mare

Answer 27

-The mare can only ovulate at the ovarian fossa -The ovarian medulla and cortex are in the same area as the cow but the structure found within them are essentially swapped

Question 28

What species have a bicornuate uterus?

Answer 28

-Sow -Queen -Cow

Question 29

All granulosa cells have LH receptors. T or F?

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Granulosa cells develop into large luteal cells while theca interna cells develop into small luteal cells. Both large and small luteal cells are able to response to LH to generate progesterone. T or F?

Answer 30

False

Question 31

PG2Falpha is produced by the uterus in majority of our domestic farm species. T or F?

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Females are born with all the oocytes they will ever have. T or F?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

In the process of ovarian follicle development, what is the enzyme responsible for converting pregnenolone into androstenedione, a precursor to estradiol production?

Answer 33

17 alpha Hydroxylase

Question 34

Where is the site of fertilization in the female?

Answer 34

Ampullary-Isthmic Junction

Question 35

Which phase of the estrous cycle is characterized by the highest levels of progesterone production and the presence of a mature corpus luteum

Answer 35

Diestrus

Question 36

What is the primary effect of the pre-ovulatory LH (Luteinizing Hormone) surge on the granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte?

Answer 36

It induces granulosa (cumulus oophorous expansion)

Question 37

Serosa

Answer 37

-Outermost, single layer of squamous cells -simply covers surface of reproductive tract. -Protective in some ways

Question 38

Muscularis

Answer 38

-Double layer of smooth muscle -outer longitudinal and inner circular -provides ability to contract -transport of secretory products, gametes, early embryos and expulsion of fetus and fetal membranes -helps deliver fetus

Question 39

Submucosa

Answer 39

-Houses blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic -varying thickness depending upon region -also serves as supportive tissue for the mucosal layer

Question 40

Mucosa

Answer 40

-secretory layer of epithelium -each region of the tract lined with a different type of mucosal epithelium -ex: oviduct has mixture of ciliated and non ciliated columnar epithelium -ex: posterior vagina lined with stratified squamous epithelium

Question 41

Deterministic

Answer 41

increase GnRH secretion is required to induce the preovulatory LH surge and thus ovulation (livestock)

Question 42

Permissive

Answer 42

-GnRH secretion need not increase -rather, preovulatory LH surge results from enhanced sensitivity of the pituitary gland to GnRH

Question 43

What part is not a tubular part of the female reproductive tract?

Answer 43

-Ovaries

Question 44

What combinations of hormones leads to reproductive behaviors and estrus?

Answer 44

-elevated estradiol -low progesterone

Question 45

The 9+9+2 arrangement in the sperm tail describes the...

Answer 45

Axoneme

Question 46

What hormone from the pineal gland is produced and secreted to either increase or decrease GnRH in long and short day breeders?

Answer 46

Melatonin

Question 47

Erection

Answer 47

Vasodilation, inhibit vasoconstriction, relax retractor penis muscle

Question 48

Emission

Answer 48

Contraction of cauda epididymis and vas deferens and release of accessory gland fluid

Question 49

Ejaculation

Answer 49

Contraction of smooth and striated muscle

Question 50

Precopulatory

Answer 50

Erection and penile protrusion

Question 51

Copulatory

Answer 51

Mounting, intromission, and ejaculation

Question 52

Postcopulatory

Answer 52

Dismount, refractory period, and memory

Question 53

What components make up motor proteins of sperm?

Answer 53

-Nexin -Radial spokes -Dynein arms

Question 54

2N

Answer 54

-Primordial germ cell -secondary oocyte with 1 polar body

Question 55

4N

Answer 55

Primary oocyte

Question 56

1N

Answer 56

-Secondary oocyte with 2 polar bodies

Question 57

What zone pellucida (ZP) protein is essential for sperm to bind to the oocyte?

Answer 57

ZP3

Question 58

What are characteristics of how a healthy spermatozoa would travel in the uterus for fertilization

Answer 58

-Takes 4 to 16 hours to pass through uterus and oviduct in bovine -Sperm will travel along the walls and folds

Question 59

The site of fertilization is the Uterotubal Junction. T or F?

Answer 59

False

Question 60

Which morphology classification (Scheme) is described by this description? -primary: Head abnormalities -Secondary: Tail Abnormalities

Answer 60

Scheme A

Question 61

Where in the female reproductive tract initiates an immune response?

Answer 61

Uterus

Question 62

At what stage of the follicle do we see the initial deposition of zona pellucida glycoproteins as well as cortical granule formation?

Answer 62

Secondary

Question 63

What is the composition of boar ejaculation?

Answer 63

Fractionated sperm free, sperm rich, coagulum

Question 64

Estradiol is responsible for promoting reproductive behavior in females, while testosterone does it in males. T or F?

Answer 64

False

Question 65

Attractivity

Answer 65

Behaviors and signals that serve to attract mates

Question 66

Receptivity

Answer 66

copulatory behavior of females that ensure insemination

Question 67

Proceptivity

Answer 67

behaviors that stimulate the male to copulate