Quizzie Questions 2

Question 1

Tumors in which location cause the most lethal form of cancer in women?

Answer 1

Lung

Question 2

The incidence of lung cancer is ________ in females.

Answer 2

Increasing

Question 3

Childhood retinoblastomas are inherited in _________ of cases.

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

Select 2

Which 2 of the following are thought to contribute to increasing frequency of cancer with age?

Answer 4

B. Accumulation of somatic mutations

C. Reduced immunocompetence

Question 5

Which of the following is the second most prevalent karyotopic abnormality in tumor cells?

Answer 5

Deletions (Balanced translocations is most common)

Slide 39

Question 6

An abnormal number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of organism’s haploid is termed

Answer 6

D. Aneuploidy (Book pg 175)

Question 7

Which of the following involves DNA methylation and his tone modifications to cause changes in gene expression?

Answer 7

B epigenetics (slide 40)

Question 8

Many tumors metastasize to the organ that presents the first__________ they encounter after entering circulation.

Answer 8

D. Capillary bed

Question 9

What is the glue that holds the cells together, which must be inactivated to initiate migration of a tumor cell through the extra cellular matrix?

Answer 9

B. E-cadherins

Question 10

Once in circulation, aggregated tumor cells may be afforded protection from anti tumor hosts cells

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have an inherited defect in which DNA repair system?

Answer 11

B. nucleotide excision repair

Question 12

Which type of mutation is highly associated with hematopoietic malignancies?

Answer 12

Balanced translocations

Question 13

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are involved in ——–?

Answer 13

B. homologous recombination. slide 70

Question 14

Patients with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation are at a _________ risk of developing cancer.

Answer 14

Increased

Question 15

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with which of the following?

Answer 15

B. Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

Question 16

Hepatits B or C infections are associated with _______ of all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 16

C. 80% slide 85

Question 17

Epstein-Barr viral infections may contribute to oncogenesis by stimulating _______ proliferation.

Answer 17

C. B cell (slide 83)

Question 18

Natural Killer cells act as a first line of defense against tumor cells and function without previous tumor cell sensitization

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Symptom complexes that occur within cancer patients that cannot be explained by the effects of a tumor cell appear in _____ of patients.

Answer 19

B. 15 % (slide 91)

Question 20

All diseases involve changes in gene structure or expression. True/False?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Individuals that are homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia commonly die of _________ before the age of 20 years.

Answer 21

Myocardial infarction

Question 22

What percentage of individuals with cystic fibrosis manifest pancreatic abnormalities?

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

Children whom lack phenylalanine hydroxylase will develop ________ if untreated early in life.

Answer 23

Mental retardation

Question 24

Familial hypercholesterolemia involves a mutation in the LDLR gene and is present in 1 out of _____ individuals.

Answer 24

500

Question 25

Treatment of galactosemia may prevent many of the pathological effects of the condition, but many _________ disorders may remain.

Answer 25

Speech

Question 26

What patient population is most likely to be impacted by a lysosomal storage disease?

Answer 26

Infants

Question 27

What condition involves the accumulation of Gm2 gangliosides within neurons and results in mental retardation?

Answer 27

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 28

Chromosomal abnormalities are present in approximately 1 in _____ newborns.

Answer 28

200

Question 29

When genetic material is transferred from part of one chromosome to another it is termed a __________

Answer 29

Translocation

Question 30

When cancer cells transition to aerobic glycolysis, the phenomenon is called the ?

Answer 30

Warburg effect

Question 31

The TP53 gene is an example of a ________?

Answer 31

Tumor suppressor gene. Slide 54

Question 32

If DNA damage is detected, the products of the TP53 gene stimulates cellular arrest in which stage of the cell cycle

Answer 32

G1

Question 33

Which of the following is a common example of a virus that can nullify the protective function of the TP53 gene?

Answer 33

Hepatitis B. slide 55

Question 34

Additional genetic material produces more severe defects than does loss of genetic material. True or False?

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Virtually all patients with trisomy 21 older than 40 years of age develop neuropathic changes associated with what?

Answer 35

Alzheimer's disease

Question 36

Doctors of chiropractic should be aware that patients with trisomy 21 may manifest with what characteristic?

Answer 36

Atlanto-axial instability

Question 37

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder with an incidence of 1 per ____ live births.

Answer 37

700

Question 38

Sporadic carcinomas of the breast and colon are considered to be ___________.

Answer 38

Familial concerns of inheritance

Question 39

What type of genes are not likely to be involved with oncogenesis?

Answer 39

Genes that regulate noncoding DNA

Question 40

In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma, both RB alleles are impacted via somatic mutation.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Epigenetics refers to reversible changes in gene expression that are not the result of genetic mutation.True or False?

Answer 41

True

Question 42

The RB gene is a TSG and is expressed in all cell types. True or False?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Many ontogenic DA viruses, like HPV, encode proteins that bind to the Rb gene and render it nonfunctional. True or False?

Answer 43

True

Question 44

During surgery, a surgeon is likely to request a _________ to evaluate histological features of a tissue.

Answer 44

C. frozen section

Question 45

Which of the following has been shown to have greater clinical value?

Answer 45

A. Cancer staging

Question 46

All congenital disorders are hereditary. A.True B.False

Answer 46

B. false

Question 47

``` Breast cancer may stimulate parathyroid hormone, resulting in __________. A.Hypercoagulability B.Hypercalcemia C.Septicemia D.Hypovolemic shock ```

Answer 47

B. Hypercalcemia

Question 48

``` Which of the following involves the substitution of a single nucleotide base that results in the coding for a stop codon? A.Frameshift mutation B.Trinucleotide repeat C.Nonsense mutation D.Point mutation ```

Answer 48

C. Nonsense mutation

Question 49

``` Which of the following conditions is an example of a hereditary condition that is not congenital? A.Cleft lip (cheiloschisis) B.Achondroplasia C.Congenital syphilis D.Muscular dystrophy ```

Answer 49

D.Muscular dystrophy

Question 50

Autosomal dominant conditions express phenotypic changes in the ___________ state. A.Heterozygous B.Homozygous

Answer 50

A. Heterozygous

Question 51

Which of the following is the result of a mutation in the FBN1 gene encoding fibrillin?

Answer 51

D. Marfan syndrome

Question 52

Which type of glycogen storage disease manifests with cardiomegaly that many progress to cardiorespiratory failure?

Answer 52

B. Pompe disease