Quizzy Questions Exam 2

Question 1

Tumors of the ___ result in the most cancer-related deaths in women.

Answer 1

Lung

Question 2

The incidence of lung cancer is increasing/decreasing in females.

Answer 2

Increasing

Question 3

Childhood retinoblastomas are inherited in ___ of cases.

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

Which 2 of the following are thought to contribute to increased frequency of cancer with age?

Answer 4

Accumulation of somatic mutations (ROS)
Reduced immunocompetence (TNF)

Question 5

Environmental exposures do not influence the development of sporadic cancers. True or False

Answer 5

False - MC cause

Question 6

Cancer-related death is responsible for ___ of all deaths among children less than 15 years of age.

Answer 6

10%

Question 7

Sporadic carcinomas of the breast and colon are considered to be ___.

Answer 7

Familial cancers of uncertain inheritance

Question 8

Which of the following is least likely to be involved with oncogenesis?

Answer 8

Genes that regulate noncoding DNA

Involved: genes involved in DNA repair, growth-promoting pro to-oncogenes, growth-inhibiting tumor suppressor genes

Question 9

What is the second most prevalent karyotypic abnormality in tumor cells?

Answer 9

Deletions

Question 10

Which is the most prevalent karyotypic abnormality in tumor cells?

Answer 10

Balanced translocations

Question 11

An abnormal number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of organism’s haploid is termed this

Answer 11

Aneuploidy

Question 12

What involves DNA methylation and histone modifications to cause changes in gene expression

Answer 12

Epigenetics

Question 13

Which type of mutation is highly associated with hematopoietic malignancies?

Answer 13

Balanced translocations

Question 14

In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma, both RB alleles are impacted via somatic mutation. True or False

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Epigenetics refers to the reversible changes in gene expression that are not the result of genetic mutation. True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The RB gene is a tumor suppressor gene and is expressed in all cell types. True or False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Many oncogenic DNA viruses, like human papillomavirus, encode proteins that bind to the RB gene and render it nonfunctional. True or False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

The TP53 gene is an example of a ___

Answer 18

Tumor suppressor gene

Question 19

If DNA damage is detected, the products of the TP53 gene stimulate cellular arrest in which stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 19

G1

Question 20

Which of the following is a common example of a virus that can nullify the protective function of the TP53 gene?

Answer 20

Hepatitis B virus

Question 21

Many tumors metastasize to the organ that presents the first ___ they encounter after entering circulation.

Answer 21

Capillary bed

Question 22

What is the glue that holds cells together, which must be inactivated to initiate migration of a tumor cell through the extracellular matrix?

Answer 22

E-cadherin

Question 23

Once in circulation, aggregated tumor cells may be afforded protection from antitumor host cells. True or False

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have an inherited defect in which DNA repair system?

Answer 24

Nucleotide excision repair

Question 25

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are involved in ___

Answer 25

Homologous recombination

Question 26

Patients with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation are at a(n) increased/decreased risk of developing cancer.

Answer 26

Increased

Question 27

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with what type of mismatch repair?

Answer 27

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

Question 28

When cancer cells transition to aerobic glycolysis, the phenomenon is called what?

Answer 28

Warburg effect

Question 29

Hepatitis B or C infections are associated with ___ of all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Answer 29

80%

Question 30

Epstein-Barr viral infections may contribute to oncogenesis by stimulating ___ proliferation.

Answer 30

B cell

Question 31

Natural killer cells act as a first line of defense against tumor cells and function without previous tumor cell sensitization. True or False

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Symptom complexes that occur within cancer patients that cannot be explained by the effects of a tumor cell appear in ___ of patients.

Answer 32

15%

Question 33

All diseases involve changes in gene structure or expression. True or False

Answer 33

True

Question 34

During surgery, a surgeon is likely to request a ___ to evaluate histological features of a tissue.

Answer 34

Frozen section

Question 35

Which of the following has been shown to have greater clinical value? Cancer staging vs grading

Answer 35

Cancer staging

Question 36

All congenital disorders are hereditary. True or False

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Breast cancer may stimulate parathyroid hormone, resulting in ____

Answer 37

Hypercalcemia

Question 38

What involves the substitution of a single nucleotide base that results in the coding for a stop codon?

Answer 38

Nonsense mutation

Question 39

Which condition is an example of a hereditary condition that is not congenital?

Answer 39

Muscular dystrophy

Question 40

Autosomal dominant conditions express phenotypic changes in the heterozygous/homozygous state.

Answer 40

Heterozygous

Question 41

What is the result of a mutation in the FBN1 gene encoding fibrillin?

Answer 41

Marfan syndrome

Question 42

Which area of the body is not predominantly affected by Marfan syndrome?

Answer 42

Colon

Question 43

Many contortionists are believed to have a form of what?

Answer 43

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Question 44

Death from a ___ is the most common cause of death among individuals with Marfan syndrome.

Answer 44

Ruptured aortic aneurysm

Question 45

Individuals that are homozygous for familial hypercholestrolemia commonly die of ___ before the age of 20 years

Answer 45

Myocardial infarction

Question 46

Which percentage of individuals with cystic fibrosis manifest pancreatic abnormalities?

Answer 46

90%

Question 47

Children who lack phenylalanine hydroxyls will develop ___ if untreated early in life.

Answer 47

Mental retardation

Question 48

Familial hypercholesterolemia involves a mutation in the LDLR gene and is present in 1 out of every ___ individuals.

Answer 48

500

Question 49

Treatment of galactosemia may prevent many of the pathological effects of the condition, but ___ disorders may remain

Answer 49

Speech

Question 50

Which patient population is most likely to be impacted by a lysosomal storage disease?

Answer 50

Infants

Question 51

Which condition involves the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides within neurons and results in mental retardation?

Answer 51

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 52

What condition manifests with results in coarse facial features and corneal clouding?

Answer 52

Mucopolysaccharidosis

Question 53

von Gierke disease is a ___ of glycogen storage disease.

Answer 53

Hepatic type

Question 54

Which type of glycogen storage disease manifests with cardiomegaly that may progress to cardiorespiratory failure?

Answer 54

Pompe disease

Question 55

Chromosomal abnormalities are present in approximately 1 in ___ newborns

Answer 55

200

Question 56

When genetic material is transferred from part of 1 chromosome to another it is termed a ____

Answer 56

Translocation

Question 57

Additional genetic material produces more sever defects than does loss of genetic material. True or False

Answer 57

False

Question 58

Virtually all patients with trisomy 21 older than 40 years old develop neuropathic changes associated with ___

Answer 58

Alzheimers disease

Question 59

Doctors of chiropractic should be aware that patients with trisomy 21 may manifest with ___

Answer 59

Atlanto-axial instability

Question 60

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder with an incidence of 1 per ___ live births

Answer 60

700