Radiation

Question 1

Bergonie& tribondeau law

Answer 1

States all sensitivity to radiation. Exposure depends on 4 characteristics of the cell

Question 2

Differentiation

Answer 2

Simple cells are more sensitive than high complex ones

Question 3

Metabolic rate

Answer 3

cells that use energy rapidly are more sensitive than those that replicate slowly

Question 4

MAs modifications

Answer 4

Deviation 🆙
Mas X 1.3

deviation ⬇️
Mas x 0.8

Question 5

15% rule

Answer 5

Hard tissue
To increase contrast
Kvp x 0.85 , then más x2

Soft tissue
To decrease contrast
Kvp x1.15 n then MAs / 2

Question 6

The study of diseases that cause abnormal changes in the structure or function of body tissues and organs is

Answer 6

Pathology

Question 7

Which of the following is not an example if a tissue

Answer 7

Stomach

Neuron, muscle, skin

Question 8

Bone tissue that has a honeycomb or trabecular structure is called

Answer 8

Cancellous tissue

Question 9

Elbow joint is an example of what type of joint

Answer 9

Diarthrodial joint

Question 10

When a limb is moved away from central part of the body this motion is called

Answer 10

Abduction

Question 11

Technical term for a grainy or spotty image is

Answer 11

Quantum mottle

Question 12

Milliamperage(mA) affects the

Answer 12

Number of photons produced per second or quantity of X-ray

Question 13

The unit used to indicate the Total quantity of X-ray in an exposure

Answer 13

MAs

Question 14

How is the energy of the X-ray beam affected when kvp is adjusted

Answer 14

Energy of the X-ray beam increases when KVp is increased ; vice versa

Question 15

Which technique factors , if adjusted upward will increase density

Answer 15

mA , exposure time , MAs KVp

Question 16

The primary controller of radiographic density is

Answer 16

MAs

Question 17

A doubling in kvp will result in how many more photons being emitted

Answer 17

Four times more photon will be emitted

Question 18

Modulation transfer function (MTF)

Answer 18

Is used to measure the capacity or accuracy of the digital detector to pass its spatial resolution characteristics to the final image

Question 19

Signal - to noise ratio (SNR)

Answer 19

Describe the ability of the digital system to convert the X-ray input electric signal into a useful radiographic image

Signal refers to the useful info in the image and noise refers to the amount of info that is not useful can be caused by quantum mottle

Question 20

Histogram

Answer 20

A graph of the minimum and maximum signals in the image

Question 21

Moire pattern

Answer 21

This artifact occurs when grid lines are not Alignex with the laser scanning frequency of the cr reader

Question 22

Light spot

Answer 22

Caused by dust or other foreign materials on up

Question 23

Phantom or ghost images

Answer 23

May appear as a results dog incomplete up erasur this artifact requires troubleshooting of both the cr plate preparation system and the display system

Question 24

DICOM DIGITAL IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION

Answer 24

is universally accepted standard for exchanging medical radiographic images.

Question 25

Grid radius

Answer 25

The distance at which the primary X-ray beam is parallel to the focused lead strip of the grid

Question 26

Erythema

Answer 26

Radiation burn

Question 27

Outer portion of bones is a layer of hard compact bone called

Answer 27

Cortex

Question 28

Milliamperes ( mA )

Answer 28

*controls radiographic density *controls quantity of X-ray produced *controlled by adjusting the mA * quantity of exposure is directly proportional to mA

Question 29

Exposure time (sec)

Answer 29

* controls radiographic density *controls quantity of X-ray produced * controlled by adjusting the timer in the X-ray circuit *quantity of exposure is directly proportional to exposure time

Question 30

Kilovolts (kvp)

Answer 30

*Controls radiographic contrast *Controls the X-ray penetration *Controls the quantity and quality of the X-ray beam *Increased kvp results in increased quantity of photons * increased kvp results in increased penetration of the body Part

Question 31

Source image receptor distance (SID)

Answer 31

Affects the density and intensity of the X-ray beam Quantity of exposure is inversely proportional to the square of the distance

Question 32

Principle factors that affect X-ray quantity

Answer 32

MAs, kvp, SID, and filtration

Question 33

Factors that affect X-ray quality are

Answer 33

Kvp and filtration

Question 34

The unit MAs is the primary controller of

Answer 34

Radiographic density

Question 35

The kvp is the primary controller of the

Answer 35

Penetration of X-rays

Question 36

Primary controller of the radiographic contrast

Answer 36

Kvp

Question 37

Source image receptor distance

Answer 37

Affects the intensity of the X-ray beam and quantity of the X-rays

Question 38

Density

Answer 38

Photographic property that refers to the overall blackness or darkness of the radiographic image

Question 39

Distortion is primarily controlled by the

Answer 39

OID, Sid, cr angle, part position, ir position