Random Flashcards
(187 cards)
1
Q
Sail sign is associated with ____ in children and _____ in adults
A
Sail sign is most commonly associated with a supracondylar fracture in children and a radial head fracture in adults.
2
Q
Risk factors for development of apnea in children with bronchiolitis
A
- prematurity
- age <2 months
- underlying pulmonary and cardiac disease
- hypoxemia at triage (<91% on room air)
- dehydration.
3
Q
Sepsis medication for neonates < 30 days
A
Gentamicin & Ampicillin
Neonates <30 days old are at increased risk for Listeria monocytogenes, so require ampicillin, which has excellent CNS penetration and a strong sensitivity profile. An additional CNS-penetrating broad-spectrum antibiotic is further required for other potential bacterial meningitis causes such as S. agalactiae and E. coli. The 3rd-generation cephalosporin cefotaxime or an aminoglycoside such as gentamicin is recommended.
4
Q
Maximum dose of lidocaine with epinephrine
A
7 mg/kg
5
Q
Maximum dose of lidocaine without epinephrine
A
5 mg/kg
6
Q
What’s the bug?
RLQ abdominal pain
Watery diarrhea
A
Yersinia enterocolitica
From untreated water and pork
Treat with ciprofloxacin or TMP-SMX
7
Q
What’s the bug?
Diarrhea
Gillian barre
A
Campylobacter
Undercooked poultry / unpasteurized milk
Treatment - azithromycin or ciprofloxacin
8
Q
Pressor for neurogenic shock
A
Norepinephrine
Has both alpha (vasoconstriction) and beta (helps treat the bradycardia from unopposed vagal tone) properties
Start at 0.1 mg/kg/min
Titrate for MAP 85-90
9
Q
Most common viral cause of diarrhea
A
Norwalk virus
Associated with cruise ships
Fluids / supportive care
10
Q
Treatment of primary syphilis
A
Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units IM
Doxycycline 100mg BID x 14 days if penicillin allergic
11
Q
Treatment for anaphylaxis refractory to epinephrine
A
Glucagon
Produces inotropic and chronitropic effects not mediated by beta receptors
Repeat this and epinephrine every 5-10 minutes and can then do IV infusions
12
Q
Treatment for aplastic crisis
A
RBC transfusion if hemoglobin <6
13
Q
Mushroom with sympathomimetic symptoms
A
Amanita muscaria
14
Q
Mushroom with cholinergic symptoms
A
Clitocybe, inocybe
15
Q
Mushroom with hallucinations
A
Psilocybe
16
Q
Mushroom with disulfiram like reaction with alcohol ingestion
A
Coprinus
17
Q
Mushroom with delayed GI symptoms then seizures
A
Gyromitra
18
Q
Mushroom with delayed GI symptoms followed by kidney failure
A
Cortinarius orellanus
19
Q
Mushroom with delayed GI symptoms followed by hepatotoxicity
A
Amanita phalloides
20
Q
Treatment of erysipelas
A
Elevation
Ceftriaxone / cefazolin or flucloxacilln if severe infections with systemic compromise
Penicillin VK, amoxicillin, cephalexin if mild
21
Q
Recommended medication for blood pressure control associated with intracerebral hemorrhage
A
Nicardipine
22
Q
Leading cause of epiglottis in adults
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
23
Q
Recommended antibiotic regimen for patient with suspected epiglottis
A
Ceftriaxone plus vancomycin
24
Q
Cholinergic toxidrome symptoms
A
SLUDGE
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramps
Emesis
Also have diaphoresis, meiosis, bradycardia, muscular fasciculations, paralysis, agitation, seizures, coma
25
Management of cholinergic toxidrome
Decontomination
Atropine - titrate to drying of bronchial secretions
Pralidoxime (2-PAM) is the definitive antidote
26
Calcium channel blocker toxicity symptoms
Bradycardia, hypotension, hyperglycemia (due to inhibition of calcium-mediated insulin release)
27
Treatment of calcium channel blocker toxicity
High dose insulin and glucose
28
Symptoms of digitalis toxicity
GI symptoms and cardiac toxicity
Slow a fib with high degree AV block or bidirectional ventricular tachycardia
29
Anticholinergic toxicity symptoms
Dry skin and mouth
Mydriasis
Tachycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Constipation
Urinary retention
30
Treatment of anticholinergic toxicity
Physostigmine
31
Triad for meniere disease
Episodic vertigo
Sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus
Treatment - low salt diet, diuretics (HCTZ + triamterene)
32
Most common cause for bacterial tracheitis
Staphylococcus aureus
Looks like croup but sicker
Kids often get after croup, but influenza A is most common associated viral infection
Steeple sign on X-ray (subglottic narrowing)
Treatment - airway management in the OR, broad spectrum antibiotics, IV fluids, bronchoscopy
33
Treatment of acute closed-angle glaucoma
Topical timolol & acetazolamide
Also topical apraclonidine, topical prednisolone, mannitol, iridotomy
34
Most reliable physical exam finding for bacterial conjunctivitis
35
Symptoms of campylobacter enteritis
Diarrhea (often bloody)
Abdominal pain
Fever
Dysentery
Develop within 2-3 days after ingestion of contaminated food (undercooked poultry, contaminated beef / pork, raw milk)
36
Treatment of campylobacter enteritis
Supportive (fluids)
Antibiotics (fluoroquinolone, azithromycin) only in severe disease - (high fever, significant bloody stools, symptoms > 1 week) or in people at risk of severe disease (pregnant, immunocompromised, older)
37
Food poisoning cause after ingestion of fried rice
Bacillus cereus
38
Late onset complications of campylobacter
Reactive arthritis
Guillain-Barre
39
What antidysrhythmic medication is contraindicated in acute phase of myocarditis
Beta blockers
Can promote further inflammation and necrosis
40
What is the preferred choice for treating patients with opioid withdrawal symptoms
Buprenorphine
Partial opioid agonist and weak antagonist
Typically give 8mg sublingual for acute withdrawal
Can be initiated as maintenance therapy
Historically alpha 2 agonists (eg clonidine) were used
Benzos can also be used
41
Preferred first line treatment for sympayhomimetic toxidrome
Benzodiazepines
42
treatment of mastoiditis in children
Vancomycin 15 mg/kg
43
Criteria for quick sequential organ failure assessment
GCS < 15
Systolic BP /= 22
44
Fracture of which carpal bone is associated with ulnar nerve injury
Hamate
45
Electrolyte abnormality seen with pyloric stenosis
Hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
46
Name for non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis in patients with malignancy
Marantic endocarditis
47
Medication given to infants presenting in shock to maintain patency of ductus arteriosus
Alprostadil
48
Definition of abdominal compartment syndrome
Intra-abdominal pressures > 20 mm ahh with evidence of new organ dysfunction
49
Medications to decrease aqueous humor production in patients with acute angle closure glaucoma
Topical beta blockers
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg acetazolamide)
Systemic osmotic agents (mannitol)
50
Which pathogens cause diarrhea >/= 7 days after ingestion
Protozoal pathogens like cryptosporidium parvum
51
How long should a scaphoid fracture be immobilized
6-12 weeks
52
Treatment for cyanide toxicity
Hydroxocobalamin, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate
53
Nausea medication that does not have effect on QTc interval
Tigan
54
Person with AICD comes in with this EKG, weak, hypotensive. What do you do?
Electrical cardioversion
Person in unstable vtach
55
Gold standard for diagnosing Giant cell / temporal arteritis
Temporal artery biopsy
56
Indications for hyperbaric oxygen in carbon monoxide exposure
Level > 25% (or 15% if pregnant)
Loss of consciousness
PH < 7.1
End organ ischemia
ECG changes, chest pain, altered mental status
Syncope
57
Pneumonia + Bird exposure
Disease and treatment
Psittacosis
Supportive care
Antibiotics - doxycycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol
Associated with rare cancer - ocular adnexal lymphoma
58
Anatomic site of central venous access with lowest risk of infection
Subclavian
59
What is Brodie sign
black spot that shows up on the skin - signals beginning of very rapid propagation of necrosis and clinical deterioration
60
Lachman test
How do you do it and what does it test for
Most sensitive test (98%) for ACL tear
Knee in 20-30% flexion. One hand on tibia with thumb on tibial tuberosity. One hand on thigh. Pull tibia anteriorly. Positive test have soft end point.
61
What is a segued fracture
Avulsion of lateral tibial condyle - associated with ACL injury
62
McMurray test
What does it test for and how do you do it
Meniscal tears
Patient supine, flex foot and extend the knee, internally and externally rotate tibia.
Clicking = positive test
63
Thompson test
What does it test for and how do you do it
Evaluate integrity of achilles tendon
Patient prone, squeeze the calf. Plantar flexion of ankle joint is normal, if ankle doesn't flex then achilles injury
64
Flexor digitorum superficialis function
Flexion at proximal interphalangeal joint
Innervation - median nerve
65
Flexor digitorum profundus function
Flexion at the DIP joint
Helps with flexion at MCP
66
How do you test motor and sensory function for median nerve
Motor - OK sign
Sensory - two point discrimination tip of index finger
67
How do you test motor and sensory function for ulnar nerve
Motor - abduct index finger (scissors motion)
Sensory - two point discrimination over tip of 5th finger
68
How do you test motor and sensory function for radial nerve
Motor - wrist and finger extension
Sensory - dorsal thumb / index finger web space
69
4 elements that must be proved by plaintiff in medical malpractice case
Professional duty to the patient
Breach of this duty
Injury caused by the breach
Resultant damages
70
Most common lab abnormality seen in people with ehrlichiosis
Leukopenia
71
Ketosis without acidosis
Isopropyl alcohol ingestion
72
Treatment of amitryptyline overdose and how do you determine severity
Determine based on width of QRS on ECG
Treat with sodium bicarbonate
73
Treatment of amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) overdose
Calcium
Glucagon
High dose insulin
Lipid emulsion therapy
74
Treatment of ethanol toxicity
Supportive care
Treatment of withdrawal with phenobarbital or diazepam (Valium)
75
Treatment of ethylene glycol overdose
Fomepizole (or ethanol) first to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase
Dialysis - for patients with severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.1), kidney insufficiency, worsening vital signs, refractory electrolyte abnormalities (K> 6.5)
Methanol toxicity treated same way - do dialysis also if they have visual symptoms
76
Treatment for inhaled amyl nitrate
Methylene blue
Person has Methemoglobinemia
- cyanotic
- hypoxia that doesn’t improve
- confirm with co-oximetry
- ABG with normal PO2
- chocolate brown blood
77
Antidote for organophosphate poisoning
Pralidoxime
78
What is the toxidrome / chemical overdosed on:
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- bronchospasm
- salivation
- miosis
What is the treatment
Organophosphate toxicity
Treatment - pralidoxime
79
Treatment of cyanide toxicity
Hydroxocobalamin + cyanide
Or
Amyl nitrate
Sodium thiosulfate
80
Atrial myxoma is associated with what other disease
Raynaud phenomenon
81
Genetic marker with ankylosing spondylitis
HLA-B27
82
Tidal volume for ARDS
4-8 ml/kg ideal body weight
Also plateau pressure <30
83
PaO2 to FiO2 ratio for severity of ARDS
Mild - 200-300
Moderate - 100-300
Severe < 100
84
Intraocular pressure for lateral canthotomy in retrobulbar hematoma
> 40 mm Hg
85
Findings of hydrofluoric acid exposure
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperkalemia
QTc prolongation
Pain out of proportion for skin exposures can happen hours after exposure
86
Anterior drawer test - point and how you do it
Tests for ACL injury
Knee flexed to 90 with foot down, pull anteriorly
If only ACL injury - avoid knee braces because they can make rehab harder
87
Posterior drawer test - point and how do you do it
Test for PCL injury
Knee flexed to 90 with foot down, push posteriorly
88
Ober test - point and how do you do it
Tests for iliotibial band syndrome
Patient on side with affected leg up
Passively extend and abduct hip, then back into adduction.
Resistance with pain = IT band tight
89
McMurray test - point and how do you do it
Assess for meniscal injury
Flex knee, rotate tibia internally or externally while flexing and extending the knee. Pain or clicking over joint line = injury
90
Color coding for mass casualty triage
Black = dead (not true for lightning strikes though)
Red = life / limb threatening injuries that require immediate intervention, unstable vital signs
Yellow = need urgent care but stable
Green = walking wounded
91
Risk factors for anterior cord syndrome
Anything that can cause hypoperfusion
Aortic surgery
HTN
DM
Smoking
92
Risk factor for central cord
Age > 50
Minor trauma
History of underlying cervical spondylosis
Can happen in younger people but would need higher energy mechanism / history of disc herniation
93
Contraindications for REBOA (Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta)
Hemorrhage from thoracic source
Traumatic cardiac arrest > 10 minutes
Cardiac tamponade
Proximal aortic dissection
Relative - significant comorbid disease, challenging vascular access
94
Medications that can trigger gout flares
Aspirin
Diuretics
Cyclosporine
95
Inflammatory disease affecting the eyes, skin, GI tract, CNS, large blood vessels
Bechet disease
Common features - recurrent uveitis, genital and oral mucosa ulcerations
Common in people from east asia, mediterranean, middle eastern countries
Treatment - high dose steroids & immunosuppressants
96
Disease causing ossification of the tendon, ligament, and joint capsule insertions
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
Spine commonly affected by ossification
Increased risk of vertebral fracture / spinal cord injury after minimal trauma
Treatment - supportive, sometimes surgery
97
Disease causing gradual onset lower back pain, bilateral sacroilitis, limited movement of the lumbar spine and "bamboo spine" on xray
Ankylosing spondylitis
Typically men < 45 years old
98
Pregnant patient >20 weeks falls, what is test to rule out placental abruption
Cardiotocographic monitoring for 6 hours
Ultrasound is NOT correct answer because doesn't effectively rule it out
99
ED I-PASS mnemonic for sign out
Expected disposition
Illness severity
Patient summary
Action list
Situational Awareness
Synthesis by Receiver
100
INR goal for venous thromboembolism / a fib patients
2 to 3
101
INR goal for mechanical heart valve
2.5 to 3.5
102
Management of patient with INR > 4.5 without bleeding
Hold next 1-2 doses of warfarin
103
Management of patient with INR > 10 without active bleeding
Vitamin K 2.5 mg PO and observation
104
Medications to avoid in patients with alpha-thalassemia
Sulfonamide-based drugs
Nitrofurantoin
Phenazopyridine
Ciprofloxacin
Dapsone
Primaquine
Chloroquine
105
What are SIRS criteria
Temp > 38 (100.4) or < 36 (96.8)
HR >90
RR > 20 or PaCO2 <32
Leukopenia or leukocytosis (WBC <4000 or >12,000)
106
4 steps required in first 3 hours by 2021 CMS Surviving Sepsis Bundle
Blood cultures
IV fluids
Serum lactate - if >2 repeat within 6 hours
Broad spectrum antibiotics
107
Blunt trauma causes what type of diaphragmatic injury
Large, left sided
Right side protected by liver
Get large wounds from blunt and small tears from penetrating injury
108
Most common cause of traumatic ureteral injury
Gunshot wound
Overall traumatic ureteral injury is rare, <1% of GU traumas
Most commonly associated with penetrating abdominal trauma
In US 50-80% of these due to GSW, proximal ureter most commonly injured
109
Most common cause of large bowel obstruction
Colorectal cancer
110
Most common cause of small bowel obstruction
Adhesions
111
Risk factors for kidney stones
- Caucasian
- Male
- Obesity
- high meat diet
- diabetes
Also:
- Gout
- 1' hyperparathyroidism
- prolonged immobilization
- dehydration
- excessive salt
- excessive meat (purine) intake
112
Most frequently diagnosed cancer in adolescence
Hodgkin lymphoma
Associated with painless lymphadenopathy, fever, night sweats, weight loss, mediastinal mass
Consult heme / onc to start treatment
113
Most common cause of chronic lower-extremity ulcers
Venous stasis ulcers
Risk factors:
- old age
- obesity
- trauma
- history of DVT
Treat with compression, elevation, exercise, aspirin
114
6 principles of trauma informed care
- safety
- trust and transparency
- peer support
- collaboration and mutuality
- empowerment, voice, and choice
- cultural, gender, and historical acknowledgements
115
Response to active shooter
1. Run
2. Hide
3. Fight
116
Capacity vs competence
Capacity - assessed by physician to determine the ability of a patient to make an informed decision (risks, benefits, and alternatives vs no treatment)
Competence - legal term used by courts
117
Pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis
Autoantibodies that cause acetylcholine receptor dysfunction
Fatigue worse with repetitive use
118
Abdominal cramping, distension, flatulence, foul smelling pale explosive non-bloody diarrhea after camping trip / drinking out of streams
Diagnosis?
Treatment?
Giardia lamblia infection
Metronidazole 250-750 mg PO TID 5-10 days
Alternatives:
-tinidazole 2g PO once
-furazolidone 100 mg PO daily for 7-10 days
Most common cause of diarrhea outbreaks from parasitic origin worldwide
119
5 causes sudden abdominal pain
- Mesenteric embolus
- AAA
- perforated viscus
- renal colic
- volvulus (cecal)
120
Most common cause of upper GI bleed
Duodenal ulcer
121
Most common cause of lower GI bleed
Diverticulosis
122
Most common cause of painful lower GI bleeding
Anal fissure
123
Most common cause small bowel obstruction
Adhesions
124
Most common cause large bowel obstruction
Cancer
125
Location for swallowed foreign body to be stuck in children
Cricopharyngeal muscle (C4)
126
Location for swallowed foreign body to be stuck in adults
Gastroesophageal junction
127
Cause of diarrhea with recent antibiotic use
C diff
NAAT using PCR for diagnosis
Fidaxomicin - first line treatment
Oral vancomycin - alternative treatment
Metronidazole added for fulminant cases
128
Cause of diarrhea with pet turtles, iguanas, dogs, cats
Salmonella
Typically get gastroenteritis
Can get dysentery, typhoid fever, carrier state
Treatment in severe disease / immunocompromised - quinolone or tmp-smx
Typhoid fever - see relative bradycardia (also fevers, skin lesions, sepsis)
Treat with ceftriaxone
129
Cause of diarrhea with high fevers / febrile seizures in a child
Shigella
Also see leukocytosis 20-30k
Antibiotics if severe - quinolones, TMP-SMX, ampicillin
Can lead to
- arthralgias
- reactive arthritis (reiter's)
- HUS in chilren
130
Most common cause bacterial diarrhea in the US
Campylobacter
see with contaminated poultry
Can have localized tenderness / surgical abdomen mimic
Complications - HUS, GBS, reactive arthritis
131
Diarrhea with farm animal exposure and RLQ abdominal pain
Yersinia
Can also see polyarthritis, erythema nodosum
Usually self limited
Treatment if severe:
- quinolone
- TMP-SMX
- ceftriaxone
- doxycycline
132
Complications of enterohemorrhagic e coli
HUS in children
TTP in adults
Not recommended to treat with antibiotics
Diarrhea watery then bloody
Get from ingestion of undercooked beef, unpasteurized milk, or person-person
133
Diarrhea after ingestion of seafood / shellfish
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Usually self limited
Severe cases - treat with quinolones or tetracyclines
134
Most common cause of food poisoning
Staph aureus
Onset quickly in 4-6 hours
Self limited
Usually with potato salad / mayonnaise
135
Nausea, vomiting, cramps (sometimes diarrhea) after fried rice cause
Bacillus cereus
Self limited, resolves in 12-24 hours
136
Most common cause of travelers diarrhea worldwide
Enterotoxigenic e coli
Watery diarrhea, cramps
Self limited
Quinolones for 3-5 days or loperamide x 2 days can shorten course
Bismuth subsalicylate prophylaxis
137
Cause of rice water stools after ingestion of contaminated water or shellfish
Vibrio cholera
1-2 day incubation period
Can cause severe dehydration, hypokalmeia, hyperchloremic acidosis
Treatment - fluids, abx may help (doxycycline, azithromycin, TMP-SMX, quinolones)
138
Flushing, headache, cramps, N/V/D, bronchospasm after eating fish
Scombroid
Heat stable toxin from dark meat fish (mahi-mahi, tuna, mackerel)
May have metallic / peppery taste
Treat with H1/H2 blockers, nebulizers
139
N/V/D, neuro symptoms after eating fish cause
Ciguatera
Exacerbated by alcohol
Neuro symptoms can last for months
Treatment :
IV fluids, zofran
Mannitol 1gm/kg IV over 1 hour
Avoid alcohol / seafood
140
Fever, bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping with abscess (commonly liver) cause
Entamoeba histolytica
Fecal-oral transmission
Can get abscesses in liver, heart, lung, and brain
Diagnose with cysts / trophozoites in the stool
Treatment:
mild - metronidazole + iodoquinol
Severe - iodoquinol + chloroquine
141
Frothy foul-smelling diarrhea with abdominal cramps after drinking out of mountain stream or in a kid in daycare
Giardia lamblia
Most common parasite in US
Diagnosis - trophozoites
Treatment - nitazoxanidine or tinidazole
Alternative - metronidazole, albendazole, paromomycin
142
Cause of chronic diarrhea in AIDS patient
Cryptosporidium
Also see in immunocompromised people, daycares, animal handlers
Can -> malabsorption
Diagnosis - AFB of stool
Treatment:
- rehydration
- paromycin or spiramycin
- AIDS - treat iwth HAART
143
Most common cause of viral diarrhea
Rotavirus
Treatment - supportive
144
Cause of lower GI bleed in patient with aortic stenosis
Arteriovenous malformation
145
Rash cause:
Petechia + stiff neck
Meningococcemia
146
Rash cause:
Fever with centripetal rash 5 days later with face spared
Rocky mountain spotted fever
147
Rash cause:
Ecchymosis leading to necrosis
Purpura fulminans
148
Rash cause:
child with rash on butt and legs with abdominal pain, N/V, and arthritis
IgA vasculitis
aka HSP
149
Rash cause:
Oral lesions x months, now has flaccid bullae
Pemphigus vulgaris
150
Rash cause:
Transient rash + pruritis
urticaria
151
Rash cause:
Sick patient + mucous membrane involvement
SJS or TSS
152
Rash cause:
Child + flaccid bullae + no mucous membrane involvement
SSSS
(staph scalded skin syndrome)
153
Rash cause:
Sunburn like rash + tampon
Toxic shock
154
Rash cause:
Sick + rapidly spreading rash or pain out of proportion
Necrotizing fasciitis
155
Rash cause:
Erythematous rash with satellite lesions
Candida
156
Rash cause:
Cellulitis rash, bright red, sharp demarcation
Erysipelas
157
Rash cause:
History of syphillis, now with non-painful warts
Condyloma lata
158
Rash cause:
bald spot with broken hair shafts
Tinea capitis
159
Rash cause:
Migratory joint pain + rash
disseminated gonococcus
160
Rash cause:
vesicles in dermatomal pattern
Herpes zoster
161
Rash cause:
Happy, honey-crusted kid
Impetigo
162
Rash cause:
Firm, umbilicated lesions
Molluscum contagiosum
163
Rash cause:
Herald patch +/- pruritis
Pityriasis rosea
164
Derm cancer associations:
Sharp border with telangectasia
Basal cell
165
Derm cancer associations:
Red / purple, immunosuppressed
Kaposi sarcoma
166
Derm cancer associations:
Heterogenous, > 6mm
melanoma
167
Derm cancer associations:
Raised with central ulceration
Squamous cell carcinoma
168
Derm cancer associations:
Highest mortality cancer
Melanoma
169
Pneumoconiosis - miner, foundry worker, dusty area
Silicosis
170
Pneumoconiosis - miner, textile worker, flame retardant worker
Asbestosis
171
Pneumoconiosis - defense industry, construction, shipyard, machine worker
Berryliosis
172
What type of industrial exposure:
sweet grass/hay/banana peel smell
Pulmonary edema, eye / airway irritation
Phosgene
No unique treatment
173
What type of industrial exposure:
Bleach smell, green-yellow gas
Eye / airway irritation, vomiting, can get pulmonary edema
Chlorine gas
Treat with sodium bicarbonate
174
What type of industrial exposure:
Agriculture exposure
Initially mild, then resolves, then 1+ days later get pulmonary edema and methemoglobinemia
Nitrogen dioxide
Treatment - steroids, methylene blue
175
What type of industrial exposure:
Acrid odor, chemical reacts with wet surface to form salt
Eye / mucosa irritation, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema
Ammonia
Treatment - inhaled anticholinergics for airway secretions
176
Atypical pneumonia cause:
Outbreak, air conditioners
Elevated AST/ALT / GI symptoms
Can have multi organ failure
Legionella
177
Atypical pneumonia cause:
can have outbreaks
Extrapulmonary findings- rash, arthritis, neuro symptoms, renal failure
Mycoplasma
178
Atypical pneumonia cause:
Children, bird handlers
Chlamydia
179
Pneumonia buzz word:
Currant-jelly sputum, bulging fissure on XR
Klebsiella
180
Pneumonia buzz word:
Rust colored sputum
Streptococcus
181
Pneumonia buzz word:
Recent influenza infection, lung abscess
Staphylococcus
182
Pneumonia buzz word:
bird exposure
Chlamydia psitocosis
183
Pneumonia buzz word:
Cavitary pneumonia
Angioinvasive
Aspergillus
184
Pneumonia buzz word:
Usually southwest US
Dust storms
Asymptomatic, mild rash
Life threatening in immunocompromised
Cocidiomycosis
185
Pneumonia buzz word:
indolent
Progressive pneumonia
Adenopathy
Neurologic injury
Cryptococcus
186
Pneumonia buzz word:
River valleys
Ohio
Indolent progressive pneumonia
Blastomycosis
187
