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Question 1

what does high PaCO2 indicate?

Answer 1

respiratory acidosis

Question 2

what does low PaCO2 indicate?

Answer 2

respiratory alkalosis

Question 3

what does a negative BE indicate?

Answer 3

metabolic acidosis

Question 4

what does a positive BE indicate?

Answer 4

metabolic alkalosis

Question 5

what is the commonest type of ILD?

Answer 5

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

Question 6

what is a ‘signet ring’ on CT indicative of?

Answer 6

bronchiectasis

Question 7

is stridor inspiratory or expiratory?

Answer 7

inspiratory wheeze

upper airway

Question 8

what are causes of instant onset breathlessness?

Answer 8

pneumothorax
pulmonary embolus

Question 9

what are causes of subacute onset (days) breathlessness?

Answer 9

pleural effusion
pulmonary vasculitis
SVCO (superior vena cava obstruction)

Question 10

what are causes of acute onset (mins- hours) breathlessness?

Answer 10

asthma
pneumonia
acute MI
cardiac tamponade

Question 11

what are causes of chronic onset (months to years) breathlessness?

Answer 11

COPD
ILD
Pulmonary hypertension
Anaemia