Random cards

Question 1

Donepezil

Answer 1

Alzheimer’s

increases cortical acetylcholine levels

Question 2

Baclofen

Answer 2

used to treat spacticity

Question 3

lateral epicondylitis

Answer 3

tennis elbow

Question 4

medial epicondylitis

Answer 4

golfers elbow

Question 5

Adcal D3 and aledronic acid

Answer 5

bisphosphonates

Question 6

cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (CCP)

Answer 6

suspected RA

Question 7

what is the classification of fungal infection

Answer 7

superficial skin or hair
subcutaneous
systemic (usually immunocompromised)

Question 8

calcitriol

Answer 8

regulates gut calcium absorption

Question 9

gonorrhoea

Answer 9

gram negative diplococcus

Question 10

strawberry cervix

Answer 10

trichomonas vaginalis

Question 11

posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 11

oxytocin and ADH

Question 12

what disease might you find buccal pigmentation

Answer 12

addisons disease

Question 13

what disease might you find peri oral pigmentation

Answer 13

puetz jeghers syndrome

Question 14

what is addisons disease

Answer 14

primary hypoadrenalism

adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones (often autoimmune) - cortisol and aldosterone

Question 15

how is addisons treated

Answer 15

hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone

Question 16

what is secondary hypoadrenalism

Answer 16

lack of ACTH produced by the anterior pituitary gland

or lack of CRH from the hypothalamus

Question 17

what are the posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 17

ADH

Oxytocin

Question 18

what are the anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 18

LH
FSH
ACTH
TSH
PRL
GH

Question 19

what is an adrenal crisis

Answer 19

often triggered by physiological stress

• low bp
• vomiting
• lower back pain
• LOC

Question 20

what drugs can cause gynaecomastia

Answer 20

digoxin
spironolactone
cimetidine
oestrogen 
testosterone

Question 21

what are some features of conns

Answer 21

hypokalaemic alkalosis
low renin
hypertension
muscle weakness

Question 22

what is the most common cause of Conns

Answer 22

adrenal adenoma

adrenal hyperplasia

Question 23

where is GnRH released from

Answer 23

hypothalamus

Question 24

what hormones does the placenta release

Answer 24

human placental lactogen

hCG

Question 25

why might a seminoma present with gynaecomastia

Answer 25

hCG secretion

Question 26

what are the most common causes of primary hyperthyroidism

Answer 26

graves toxic adenoma toxic multinodular goitre

Question 27

what would you use to treat anaemia in CKD

Answer 27

epoetin

Question 28

what are the features of PCOS

Answer 28

normal or high oestradiol conc elevated androgens elevation of prolactin

Question 29

what is statutory period in which you must have seen the patient for writing the cause of death

Answer 29

14 days

Question 30

features of parkinsons

Answer 30

``` pill rolling tremour increased muscle tone lack of arm swinging no change in sensation reduced facial expression ```

Question 31

what is lead pipe rigidity

Answer 31

uniform rigidity during passive movement that remains uniform throughout

Question 32

weight loss, SOB, and clubbing

Answer 32

most likely to be bronchial carcinoma or pulmonary fibrosis

Question 33

what are the respiratory causes of clubbing

Answer 33

TB, bronchiectasis, bronchial carcinoma, mesothelioma, empyema, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 34

what is the nutcracker angle

Answer 34

between the abdominal aorta and the SMA

Question 35

what is nutcracker syndrome

Answer 35

compression of the left renal vein between the SMA and aorta this causes back pressure creating a varicocele

Question 36

what is hypernephroma

Answer 36

renal cell cancer from proximal renal tubular epithelium

Question 37

what are risk factors for renal cell carcinoma

Answer 37

middle age man smoking VHL Tuberosing sclerosis

Question 38

what are the symptoms of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 38

``` haematuria loin pain abdo mass left varicocele pyrexia polycythaemia parathyroid hormone- hypercalcaemia renin ACTH ```

Question 39

what are the symptoms of ovarian torsion

Answer 39

iliac fossa pain vomiting adnexal mass low fever

Question 40

what is rovsings sign

Answer 40

appendicitis | pain in the left iliac fossa can be reproduced by palpation of the RIF

Question 41

how do you treat bradycardia

Answer 41

atropine

Question 42

how do you treat an SVT

Answer 42

adenosine

Question 43

what does the management of bradycardia depend on

Answer 43

haemodynamic compromise | risk of asystole

Question 44

what are the signs of haemodynamic compromise

Answer 44

``` hypotension pallor sweating cold clammy extremeties confusion LOC ```

Question 45

what are the indicators of immenent asytole in someone with heart block

Answer 45

complete heart block with broad complex QRS recent asystole mobitz type 2 av block ventricular pause

Question 46

what does the target sign indicate

Answer 46

insusception

Question 47

what age group is most commonly affected by intussusception

Answer 47

6-18 months

Question 48

what are the signs of intussuscepetion

Answer 48

``` paroxysmal adominal colicky pain knees drawn up pale vomiting red current jelly stool sausage shaped mass in RLQ ```

Question 49

what is the investigation of choice for intussusception

Answer 49

USS

Question 50

how do you treat intussusception

Answer 50

air insuflation | surgery if this fails or peritonitis

Question 51

what are the most common bacterial organisms that cause infective exacerbations of COPD

Answer 51

h influenzae strep pneumoniae moraxella catarrhalis rhinovirus

Question 52

what steroid should be given in infective exacerbations of COPD

Answer 52

prednisolone

Question 53

which COPD patients should be given antibiotics

Answer 53

purulent sputum or clinical signs of pneumonia