Random gyn facts

Question 1

What percent acetic acid is used in colposcopy?

Answer 1

3-5%
- How does tricholoroacetic acid work: coagulation of tissue proteins (breaks them down)

Question 2

What percent of brow presentations will convert to a face presentation/

Answer 2

30%

Question 3

What is occurrence malpractice?

Answer 3

coverage for incidents that occur while the policy is in place, regardless of when the claim is made

Question 4

What is claims made malpractice?

Answer 4

covers liabilities that happen while the policy is in effect

A claims-made policy provides coverage that is triggered when a claim is made against the insured during the policy period, regardless of when the wrongful act that gave rise to the claim took place.

Question 5

What are medications associated with fecal incontinence?

Answer 5

antacids
antibiotics (cephalosporins, fluoquinolones, clinda), antidepressants (citalopram)
Anti-HTN
Bile acid sequestrate (cholestyramine)
Chemo
Metformin
Laxatives (Miralax)
Prostaglandins (iso)
PPI (omeprazole)

Question 6

What are treatment options for fecal incontinence?

Answer 6

Nonsurgical (pads, diet, anticonstipation w/ laxatives/enema, fiber (Psyllium), anti-diarrheal (loperamide), pelvic floor PT, , bulking agents
Surgical: sacral nerve neuromodulation, anal sphincter repair, colostomy

Question 7

What percent chlorhexidine is used in vaginal surgery?

Answer 7

4%

Question 8

What is the most practical marker of reproductive aging?

Answer 8

AMH! Mullerian-inhibitng substanec

Question 9

What is ristocetin cofactor assay?

Answer 9

Measures von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity

Question 10

What is Von Willebrand disease?

Answer 10

most common inherited bleeding disorder (1% prevalence)
- ddx: vWF antigen, ristocetin cofactor activity, factor 8.
- Tx: desmopressin (stimulates vWF release from endothelial cells), factor 8 and vWF complex infusion, TXA.
- pregnancy: risk PPH, avoid scalp electrode, operative delivery bc risk of fetus having it.

Question 11

How long do you need a backup method after getting Nexplanon (progestin implant)?

Answer 11

f you get your implant on day 1 to 5 of your period, it works right away. If you get it any other day, use an extra form of birth control for 7 days.

Question 12

What are causes of normocytic anemia?

Answer 12

Normal bone marrow, normal/decr reticulocyte count?
- Anemia of chronic disease, endocrinopathy, liver disease

• abnormal bone marrow: Marrow infiltration (leukemia, myelofibrosis, metastasis), Hypoplastic anemia
  Aplastic anemia, Medication side effect
• incr reticent count: hemolysis (sickle cell)

Question 13

What is megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 13

Megaloblastic anemia is caused by deficiency or impaired utilization of vitamin B12 and/or folate, whereas nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia is caused by various diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), liver dysfunction, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, certain drugs

Question 14

What are types of microcytic anemia?

Answer 14

Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemias
Anemia of chronic disease
Sideroblastic anemia
Anemia associated with copper deficiency
Anemia associated with lead poisoning

Question 15

What are types of macrocytic anemia?

Answer 15

Folic acid deficiency anemia
Anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency
Drug-induced hemolytic anemia (eg, zidovudine)
Anemia associated with reticulocytosis
Anemia associated with liver disease
Anemia associated with ethanol abuse
Anemia associated with acute myelodysplastic syndrome

Question 16

What happens w/ hormones in menstrual cycle?

Answer 16

FSH stimulates secretion of inhibin B by granulosa cells.
- Luteal phase: inhibin production regulated by LH and switches to inhibin A
- Inhibin B peaks w/ LH surge
- Inhibin A peaks in mid-luteal phase

Question 17

What meds cause AUB?

Answer 17

warfarin, heparin, NSAIDS, ginkgo, ginseng, motherwort

Question 18

What is adenomyosis?

Answer 18

ddx w/ MRI or TVUS. US=heterogeneous myometrium, myometrial cysts, asymmetric myometrial thickening, subendometrial echogenic linear striations.

Question 19

What is HLA-DR4 associated with?

Answer 19

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 20

What is HLA-DRB1 associated with?

Answer 20

SLE

Question 21

What days of the menstrual cycle constitutes the window of implantation for the human embryo?

Answer 21

20-24

Question 22

What are side effects of topical estrogen cream?

Answer 22

breast budding, labial growth/pigmentation, vaginal bleeding.
eg. if using in neonate for labial adhesions and get breast budding, can switch to betamethasone.

Question 23

What is toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 23

2/2 Staph aureus, occurs 2 days post surgery or w/ menstruation
- sx: malaise, fever, diarrhea. If post surgery, conjunctival/pharengeal hyperemia without purulence
- Host cytokines released in response to super antigens.
-MAJOR criteria: hypotension, orthostatic syncope, sBP<90, diffuse macular erythroderma, fever, late skin desquamation (1-2 wks later)
- MINOR criteria (organ system): GI, mucous membrane erythema, muscular (myalgia, Cr >2x normal, plus <100, hepatic (levels >2x normal), CNS (altered consciousness)

Question 24

At what chronological age does a woman obtain maximum bone density?

Answer 24

age 19

Question 25

What are phases of cell cycle

Answer 25

G1, S, G2, M
G1: growth, protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, DNA repair
S: DNA replication
G2: growth
M: mitosis, cell division

Question 26

What is Strassman metroplasty?

Answer 26

Treatment of Bicornuate uterus

Question 27

What is shock?

Answer 27

Septic: low PCWP, high CO, low SVR
Cardiogenic: high PCWP, low CO, high SVR
hypovolemic: low PCWP, CO, high SVR

Question 28

Which genes do HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins effect?

Answer 28

E6 affects p53
E7 affects Rb