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Anatomy, Lower Limb > Random information > Flashcards

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1
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

extends from ischial tuberosity to lower sacrum and coccyx

closes off lesser sciatic foramen

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2
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

extends from ischial spine to lower sacrum and coccyx

converts greater sciatic notch into greater sciatic foramen

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3
Q

greater sciatic foramen transmits-

A

piriformis muscle
superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves
internal pudental vessels and nerves
sciatic nerve
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
nerve to obturator internus and quadrates femoris

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4
Q

lesser sciatic foramen

A

tendon of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
internal pudental vessels
Pudendal nerve

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5
Q

angle of inclination of femur in
adult
child

A

child -135

adult- 120

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6
Q

torsion angle of the femur

A

formed by transverse axis of femoral condyles and long axis of head and neck ( It is NOT parallel to condyle)

12* of ANTEVERSION

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7
Q

coxa valga

A

> 135 * femoral shaft angle- “straighter”

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8
Q

coxa vara

A

<135* femoral shaft angle- “more horizontal”

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9
Q

where does the axial skeleton met appendicular skeleton at lower body

A

sacroiliac joint

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10
Q

male v female pelvis

A

females have rounder and wider pelvic rim

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11
Q

what passes through both foramen

A

pudental nerve, internal pudental vessels and nerve to obturator internus

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12
Q

the patella is found within where?

A

within the common tendon of quadriceps femoris

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13
Q

the navicular bone of the foot is analogous to what

A

the scaphoid bone in hand

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14
Q

iliac crest location

A

L4

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15
Q

the great saphenous vein is accompanied by?

A

Saphenous N

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16
Q

the small saphenous vein is accompanied by??

A

sural nerve

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17
Q

location of Great saphenous vein on ankle

A

Anterior to medial malleolus

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18
Q

location of small saphenous vein on ankle

A

posterior to lateral malleolus

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19
Q

angle of inclination is formed by?

A

long axis of femoral head and neck and the long axis of femur

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20
Q

angle of torsion formed by?

A

long axis of femoral head and neck and a tangential line to the femoral condyles ( inferiorly)

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21
Q

increased angle of torsion would be exhibited by

A

in toeing or knock kneed

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22
Q

increased angle of torsion would complain of?

A

posterior hip pain- due to accommodation of toes back to a neutral state

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23
Q

what forms the ankle joint

A

the talar dome with inferior portions of tibia and fibula

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24
Q

ankle joint is what type of joint

A

Hinge

saggital joint range of motion

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25
Talus articulates inferiorly with
calcaneus
26
importance of width of talus--
it is 5MM wider at the distal region | meaning the Mortise ( ankle joint) will be tighter for dorsiflexion
27
The ankle joint is more stable where
dorsiflexion , since the dome is wider anteriorly than posteriorly
28
iliac crest located
L4
29
pubic symphisis located
midline between right and left ischiopubic rami
30
PSIS location`
S2
31
pubic tubercle location
2.5 cm lateral to pubic symphysis
32
location of deep inguinal lymph nodes
within the femoral sheath | medial to femoral vein
33
deep inguinal lymph nodes receive lymph from where
o superficial lymph o popliteal lymph o deeper tissues of limb
34
where does the great saphenous vein ORIGINATE
dorsal venous arch
35
front door
lumbar plexus femoral n obturator n
36
back door
sacral plexus
37
what is the saphenous opening
defect/ hiatus of deep fascia that allows superficial veins to dive below fascia lata and empty into venous system
38
fascia lata of posterior leg AKA
crural fascia
39
patellar tendon checks for what reflex
L2 -L3 femoral nerve
40
where does the femoral nerve emerge
laterally to psoas major | BEHIND inguinal ligament
41
location of inguinal hernia
superior and medial to femoral hernia
42
Areas suitable for intramuscular injections (2)
Superior lateral quadrant of buttocks- free of nerves | On tensor fascia lata muscle
43
pes anserinus
``` Aka gooses foot insertion of 3 muscles from 3 diff compartments with 3 different innervations into the medial aspect of knee capsule ( SGT AMP) Sartorius- Femoral N.-→ anteriorly Gracilis- obturator N→middle Semitendinosus→tibial N→ posteriorly ```
44
The superior and inferior gluteal artery come from?
Branch of internal iliac artery
45
Does the deep femoral artery go down to the ankle
No, it ends at thigh | Femoral artery →popliteal artery supplies all ankle and foot
46
Boundaries of popliteal fossa
Medial – semimembranosus and semitendinosus above, medial head of gastrocnemius below Lateral- biceps femoris above, lateral head of gastrocnemius below
47
Roof of popliteal fossa
Deep fascia, penetrated by small saphenous vein
48
Contents of popliteal fossa ( superficial to deep )
``` Tibial nerve ( midline), common peroneal nerve ( lateral) Popliteal vein Popliteal artery – Deepest- rests on posterior capsule of knee joint ```
49
Floor of popliteal fossa
Popliteus muscle and femur
50
Trajectory of great saphenous vein
Originates from dorsal venous arch, anterior to medial malleolus goes up close to knee and then up leg to femoral triangle into the medial portion of groin Goes with saphenous nerve
51
Trajectory of lesser saphenous vein
From dorsal venous arch, posterior to lateral malleolus, goes behind leg and dives INTO popliteal fossa Goes with sural nerve
52
What are the two flexor retinaculum
Superior flexor retinaculum- like a bandaid | Inferior flexor retinaculum—Y shaped with its base LATERALLY
53
Where does the inferior flexor retinaculum originate
The sinus tarsi | Space in between the talus and calcaneus
54
Comparison of medial and lateral ligaments of the ankle
The lateral ankle ligaments are less robust than the medial → can tear those ligaments easily
55
The palmaris longus is important because?
NOT important, can be sacrificed and used for stuff
56
Comparison of medial and lateral meniscus of knee
Medial meniscus is more robust attachment to medial collateral ligament
57
Does the lateral compartment of the leg have a blood vessel ?
NO, it just has the superficial peroneal nerve
58
How does the lateral compartment of leg receive blood
Through perforating branches of popliteal artery… (anterior tibial and peroneal )
59
Anterior tibial artery sends perforating branches to
Peroneus longus
60
Peroneal artery sends perforating branches to
Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis
61
Closed kinetic chain
Weight bearing
62
Open kinetic chain
Non weight bearing
63
Flexor retinaculum AKA _____ makes up?
Laciniate ligament | Makes up the tarsal tunnel
64
What goes through the tarsal tunnel
``` Tom dick And very nervous harry Tibialis posterior Extensor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Vena comitantes ( 2 veins that go opposite direction of artery) Nerve – tibial nerve ```
65
At the ankle the ______ becomes the dorsalis pedis artery
Anterior tibial artery
66
“trifurcation” of popliteal artery
1- anterior tibial artery ( to anterior compartment of leg) 2- Posterior tibial ( M) 3. Peroneal artery ( L)
67
what happens to the posterior tibial artery at the foot?
Goes to plantar aspect of foot | Divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries
68
Function of plantar aponeurosis
Support arch of foot – designed for bipedal gait..
69
What is considered the midline of the foot
Second ray ( second digit)
70
During swing gate the foot normally hits ground at how many degrees of inversion
Two degrees
71
Function of anterior compartment of leg during walking
Decelerates foot as you hit floor so you don’t slap your foot
72
Function of plantar aponeurosis
Provides for maintenance of medial and longitudinal arch in weight bearing
73
What is the porta pedis
Anatomical spot where neurovascular structures of medial ankle enter foot ( ie contents of tarsal tunnel) Defect thru abductor hallucis origin
74
Where does tarsal tunnel enter
Medially in hind foot thru the porta pedis
75
What creates a pure antagonist “lasso” in plantar aspect of foot
``` Tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion and inversion) and peroneus longus (plantar flexion and eversion) both insert onto base of first metacarpal ```
76
location of dorsalis pedis artery (what is laterally and what is medially)
deep to extensor retinaculum laterally – deep peroneal nerve and tendons of EDL and peroneus tertius medially- EHL and TA
77
where does the dorsalis pedis artery end
at the PROXIMAL end of the first intermettarsal space ( perforating artery connects dorsal and plantar aspect )
78
the lateral plantar artery gives off what?
Deep plantar arch | Joins with perforating arteries of dorsalis pedis at the first metatarsal space
79
Where does the os cocci meet axial skeleton
At sacroiliac joint
80
Hiltons law*
If a muscle acts upon a joint the nerve that innervates the muscle will somehow innervate the joint its acting upon

Anatomy, Lower Limb (10 decks)

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