Rates of chemical reactions Flashcards
Closed system
a system in which energy can enter or leave, but matter cannot
Collision theory
a theoretical model that explains the rates of chemical reactions in terms of collisions between particles
Kinetic energy
the energy that a particle has due to its motion
Open system
a system in which both matter and energy can enter or leave
Proportion
the percentage of species with the necessary activation energy to react in a fixed sample
Reaction rate
the change in concentration of a reactant or product over a period of time
Surface area
the total area of all reacting particles available for collisions with other reactants
Catalyst
a substance used to provide an alternate reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, thus decreasing the amount of energy required to break the bonds in the reactants, meaning a greater proportion of reactant particles have sufficient energy to collide successfully
Heterogeneous catalyst
a catalyst present in a different physical state from the reactants and products
Homogeneous catalyst
a catalyst present in the same physical state as the reactants and products
Percentage yield
efficiency of a chemical reaction that has taken place in terms of the amount of product actually produced compared to the predicted (theoretical) yield, which is given by (actual yield/theoretical) × 100%
Reaction pathway
a one or more chemical reactions designed to convert reactants into a desired product
