reabsorption secretion II Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
glomerulotubular balance
- total rate of reabsorption increases as the filtered load ___, even though the total % of GFR reabsorbed remains relatively constant at about __%
A
increases
65
2
Q
glomerulotubular balance
- increase GFR –> ___ tubular reabsorption
A
increase
3
Q
glomerulotubular balance minimizes changes in urine ___
A
volume
4
Q
increase in Kf (filtration coefficient) –> ___ reabsorption
A
increase
5
Q
increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption
A
decrease
6
Q
increase in capillary osmotic pressure –> ___ reabsorption
A
increase
7
Q
increase in arterial pressure –> ____ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption
A
increase
decrease
8
Q
increase in afferent resistance –> ___ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption
A
decrease
increase
9
Q
increase in efferent resistance –> ___ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption
A
decrease
increase
10
Q
increase plasma protein –> ___ arterial osmotic pressure –> ___ peritubular capillary pressure
A
increase
increase
11
Q
increase filtration factor –> ___ peritubular capillary pressure
A
increase
12
Q
decrease in afferent resistance –> ___ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption
A
increase
decrease
13
Q
decrease in afferent resistance –> ___ capillary hydrostatic pressure –> ___ reabsorption
A
increase
decrease
14
Q
actions of aldosterone on late distal, cortical, and medullary collecting tubules
- ___ Na+ reabsorption by ___ cells
- ___ K+ secretion by ___ cells
- ___ H+ secretion by ___ cells
A
increase; principal
increase; principal
increase; intercalated
15
Q
aldosterone actions on principal cells
- activates ___ ____ ___
- opens ___ channel
A
sodium/potassium pump
Na+
16
Q
aldosterone binds with ___ ___ in the principal cells
A
cytoplasmic receptor
17
Q
aldosterone is a ___ hormone
A
steroid
18
Q
excess aldosterone –> ___ syndrome
A
Conn’s
19
Q
4 signs of Conn’s syndrome
- Na+ ____
- hypo____
- alklosis
- hyper____
A
Na+ retentin
hypokalemia
alkalosis
hypertension
20
Q
Na+ retention
- ___ H20 absorption
- __ BV
A
increase
increase
21
Q
hypokalemia
- ___ K+ secretion
- get rid of K+ in __
A
increase
urine
22
Q
alkalosis
- ___ H+ secretion
- ___ urine
A
increase
acidic
23
Q
aldosterone deficiency –> ___ disease
A
addison’s
24
Q
addison’s disease
- Na+ ____
- hyper____
- hypo____
A
wasting
hyperkalemia
hypotension
25
3 factors that increase aldosterone secretion
angiotensin II
increased K+
adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
26
2 factors that decrease aldosterone secretion
atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
| increased Na+ concentration
27
angiotensin II increases ___ and __ reabsorption
Na+
| water
28
angiotensin II stimulates ___ secretion
aldosterone
29
angiotensin II ___ efferent arterioles
- ___ peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure
- ___ filtration fraction, which ___ peritubular colloid osmotic pressure
constricts
decreases
increases
increases
30
angiotensin II attaches to ___ receptor and activates...
- Na+ antiporter with __ into the cell
- Na+ symporter with ___ out of the cell
- ___ ___ __
AT1
H+
bicarbonate
sodium potassium pump
31
increase in ang II --> __ efferent resistance --> ___ peritubular capillary pressure
increase
| decrease
32
increase in efferent resistance --> ___ RBF --> ___ filtration factor and ___ glomerular colloid osmotic pressure
decrease
increase
increase
33
ang II blockade ___ Na+ reabsorption and blood pressure
decreases
34
3 ace inhibitors
captopril
benazipril
ramipril
PRILs
35
3 ang II antagonist
losartan
candesartin
irbesartan
36
renin inhibitors
- ___ aldosterone
- directly ___ Na+ reabsorption
- ____ efferent arteriolar resistance
decrease
inhibit
decrease
37
ang II blockade --> __ and ___ and ___ BP
natriuresis
diuresis
decrease
38
ADH secreted by ___ ___
posterior pituitary
39
ADH produced in ____
hypothalamus
40
ADH ___ H2O permeability and reabsorption in __ tubule and ___ tubule
increases
distal tubule
collecting tubule
41
ADH is an important controller of extracellular fluid ___
osmolarity
42
arginine vasopressin acts upon smooth muscle for ___
vasocontriction
43
AVP acts upon ___ receptor which activates ___ ___
V2
| adenosine cyclase
44
aquaporine 2 are water channels to come closer to luminal membrane = ___ of water
endocytosis
45
increase extracellular osmolarity detected by ___ in the ___
osmoreceptors
| hypothalamus
46
increase extracellular osmolarity
- ___ ADH secretion
- ___ tubular H2O permeability
- __ H2O reabsorption
- ___ H2O secretion
increase
increase
increase
decrease
47
excess ADH
- __ plasma osmolarity
- hypo___
decrease
| hyponatremia
48
hyponatremia
- ___ H2O
- ___ concentration of Na+
- ___ solutes
retain
decrease
dilute
49
2 types of diabetes insipidus
central
| nephrogenic
50
central diabetes insipidus
- __ plasma osmolarity
- hyper____
- excess ___
increase
natremia
thirst
51
cause of central diabetes inspidus
hypothalamus cannot produce enough ADH
52
cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
normal amount of ADH but kidneys are unresponsive
53
atrial natriuretic peptide ___ Na+ excretion
increases
54
atrial natriuretic peptide is secreted by ___ ___ in response to stretch to ___ BV
cardiac atria
| increase
55
atrial natriuretic peptide ___ Na+ reabsorption
inhibits
56
atrial natriuretic peptide ___ renin release and ____ formation
inhibits
| aldosterone
57
atrial natriuretic peptide ___ GFR
increases
58
atrial natriuretic peptide
| by the increase in GFR --> helps minimize blood volume ___
expansion
59
Increase in GFR --> ___ delivery of Na+ and tubular flow --> ___ Na+ reabsorption in proximal tubule --> ____ Na+ detected by macula dense in distal tubule --> ___ renin
increase
decrease
increase
decrease
60
parathyroid hormone __ renal Ca++ reabsorption
increases
61
parathyroid hormone released by ___ in response to decreased extracellular Ca++
parathyroids
62
PTH
- ___ Ca++ reabsorption by kidneys
- ___ Ca++ reabsorption by gut
- ___ phosphate reabsorption
- helps to ___ extracellular Ca++
increase
increase
decrease
increase
63
parathyroid hormone __ renal Ca++ reabsorption
increases
64
parathyroid hormone released by ___ in response to decreased extracellular Ca++
parathyroids
65
PTH
- ___ Ca++ reabsorption by kidneys
- ___ Ca++ reabsorption by gut
- ___ phosphate reabsorption
- helps to ___ extracellular Ca++
increase
increase
decrease
increase
66
increase PTH to increase ____ activity --> ca++ release from bones
osteoclastic
67
sympathetic NS ____ Na+ reabsorption
increases
68
sympathetic NS
- directly ___ Na+ reabsorption
- ___ renin release
- ___ GFR and RBF
stimulates
stimulates
decreases
69
increased arterial pressure ___ Na+ reabsorption
decreases
70
increased arterial pressure ____ peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure
increases
71
increased peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure ___ reabsorption
prevents
72
increased arterial pressure ___ renin and aldosterone
decreases
73
___ __: unreabsorbed glucose in tubules causes diuresis and water loss
diabetes mellitus
74
water is reabsorbed only by ___
osmosis
75
increasing the amount of unreabsorbed solutes in the tubules ___ water reabsorption
deceases
76
___ __: unreabsorbed glucose in tubules causes diuresis and water loss
diabetes mellitus
77
___ syndrome: primary aldosterone excess
Conn's
78
___ ___ ___: excess aldosterone secretion due to abnormal control of aldosterone synthase by ACTH
glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
79
renin secreting tumor: excess ___ ___ formation
ang II
80
inappropriate ADH syndrome: ___ ADH
excess
81
renin secreting tumor
- ____ Na+ reabsorption
- Na+ excretion ____ ____
- ___ K+ secretion
- K+ excretion ___ ___
- __ plasma K+
- ___ BP
- ___ plasma renin
```
increase
no change
increase
no change
decrease
increase
increase
```
82
inappropriate ADH syndrome
- ___ water reabsorption
- water excretion ___ ___
- ___ plasma Na+
increase
no change
decrease
83
renin secreting hormone: ____ ang II and __ aldosterone
increased
| increased
84
renin secreting tumor
- ____ Na+ reabsorption
- Na+ excretion ____ ____
- ___ K+ secretion
- K+ excretion ___ ___
- __ plasma K+
- ___ BP
- ___ plasma renin
```
increase
no change
increase
no change
decrease
increase
increase
```
85
inappropriate ADH syndrome
- ___ water reabsorption
- water excretion ___ ___
- ___ plasma Na+
increase
no change
decrease
86
Liddle's syndrome
- ____ Na+ reabsorption
- Na+ excretion ____ ____
- ___ BP
- ___ plasma renin
- ___ aldosterone
```
increase
no change
increase
decrease
decrease
```
87
Bartter's syndrome:
- ___ Na+, Ca++, HCO3- reabsorption
- ___ activity of Na-K-2 Cl transporter in loop of henle
decreased
| decreased
88
Gitleman's syndrome
- ___ NaCl reabsorption
- ___tension
- ___ activity of NaCl co-transporter in distal tubule
decreased
hypo
decreased
89
treatment of Bartter's syndrome
- ___ NaCl
- ___ intakes
- ___ blockers
high
K+
prostaglandins
90
treatment of gitleman's
- ___ NaCl
- ___ intakes
- ___ supplements
high
k+
mg++
91
fanconi syndrome
- generalized ____ in reabsorption often in proximal tubule
- causes (5)
decrease
| genetics; heavy metal damage; drugs; multiple myeloma; tubular necrosis
92
renal tubular acidosis
- __ H+ secretion
- ___ HCO3- excretion
- causes (2)
decreased
increase
genetic, renal injury
93
tubular ____: the movement of substances out of the blood and into the tubular fluid
secretion
94
descending limb of the loop of henle seretes ___ through diffusion
urea
95
distal and collecting tubules secrete ___, ___ and ___ ions
potassium
hydrogen
ammonium
96
tubular secretion important for dispsing of substances not already in the ___
filtrate
97
secretion to rid the body of excess __
K+
98
secretion to control blood ___
pH
99
aldosterone-
| - hormones that target cells of the distal and collecting tubule cells causing increased activity of the __-__ pump
Na-K
100
secretion of hydrogen ions ___ with increased blood hydrogen ion concentration
increases
101
urine compsition
| - approximately __% water
95
102
urine compsition
- nitrogenous wastes - from ____ metabolism
- 4 examples
```
protein
urea
uric acid
ammonia
creatinine
```
103
urine compsition
| - electrolytes (7)
```
Na
K
NH4
CL
HCO3
PO4
SO4
```
104
urine compsition
| - pigments: ___
urochromes
105
urine compsition
| - high hormone levels may spill into the ___
filtrate
106
urine compsition
| - abnormal constituents (5))
```
blood
glucose
albumin
casts
calculi
```
