readings 93-101 117-124

Question 1

Define the Nature-Nuture Debate

Answer 1

intrinsic vs extrinsic processes at different levels

organism vs external environment

Question 2

diversity of form and function arise by altering which 3 basic processes?

Answer 2

1) cell proliferation
2) cell migration
3) cell differentiation

Question 3

what are ways in which these processes can be influenced or result in bad outcomes?

Answer 3

developmentl interaction
truama/insult
behavioral experience
genetic mutation

Question 4

what is the difference between absolute and relative timing?

Answer 4

absolute: days since conception
relative: precedes or follows eye opening

Question 5

explain the length

Answer 5

tail becomes the spinal cord, head becomes the brain

Question 6

define Spina Bifida

Answer 6

failure in closure of bottom neural tube

Question 7

what three things do cells do?

Answer 7

they are created (proliferation), they move (migration), and they specialize (differentitation)

Question 8

what do neuroblasts do?

Answer 8

produce a definite and limited number of cells

Question 9

explain passive displacement

Answer 9

• older parts of the brain

- existing cells are pushed outwards as new cells are produced (popcorn)

Question 10

explain active migration

Answer 10

• newer parts of the brain

- cells actively move from the point of production to eventual destination

Question 11

what does a cell need to do if cells fail to connect?

Answer 11

• make a physical connection
• produce neurotransmitters
• myelinate axons (some)
• exuberant growth (some)
• transient innervation (convergent & divergent)

Question 12

convergent vs divergent

Answer 12

many connecting to one vs one connected to many

Question 13

preformists -
empiricists -
selectionists -

Answer 13

by design
baed on pre- & post- natal experience
a mixture of above models

Question 14

describe Phenylketonuria

Answer 14

a recessive genetic disorder that can result in severe intellectual disability; inability to metabolize phenylanine

Question 15

explain the frontal cortex

Answer 15

incharge of higher cognitive functions: intentionality, consciousness and reasoning

Question 16

prefrontal cortex

Answer 16

• subserves the highest cognitive abilities, including reasoning, problem solving, intentionality, conscious behaviour

Question 17

A not B error

Answer 17

babies are successful at A, then when the correct solution is switched to go to B, the kid still goes to A (9 month olds)

Question 18

new borns abilities

Answer 18

can follow object through visual field

Question 19

1-4 month ablities

Answer 19

follow object to point of disappearance

Question 20

4-8

Answer 20

search for partially hidden object

Question 21

8-9 months

Answer 21

retrieve object hidden at either location, but not invisible displacement

Question 22

18 months

Answer 22

they can figure everything out

Question 23

what happens if your PFC gets damaged as an adult?

Answer 23

impaired planning