lecture 6

Question 1

how did Jean Piaget perceive development?

Answer 1

believed that life is an enormously improbable state of matter that is all marked by two features: organization (form & function) and adaptation (change & stability)
- also believed children construct an organized understanding of the world that becomes progressively more adapted to the world (knowledge is not innate or just gained through experience)

Question 2

what is the difference between a scheme and a schema?

Answer 2

schemes: motor activities capable of processing information in the environment - ways of acting on the world
schemas: the mental versions of physical schemes that arrive at the end of infancy period when representation is achieved

Question 3

how does the violation of expectation paradigm work?

Answer 3

babies will stare longer at the “impossible” event than the “possible” event

Question 4

how might emotions effect cognitive processing?

Answer 4

• infant response to emotionally charged commands (disgust to toys)
• very high or very low anxiety leads to poor performance
• memory is better if we are in the same emotional state we learned information at

Question 5

define the still-face reaction

Answer 5

when the parent stops responding (holds a still face) the infant gets upset

Question 6

what are mother-infant face-to-face interactions?

Answer 6

appropriate and carefully timed reactions to each other’s cues

Question 7

what are primary emotions?

Answer 7

basic emotions either innate or early developing: happiness, interest, surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust (affection, contempt, guilt, shame)

Question 8

what are secondary emotions?

Answer 8

self-conscious emotions that depend on cognitive prerequisites: embarrassment, envy, guilt, pride, shame