Reasons for British expansion in Africa

Question 1

When did Britain abolish the slave trade?

Answer 1

1807

Question 2

When was the economic slump of 1873 to ???

Answer 2

1896

Question 3

When was the economic slump of ??? to 1896

Answer 3

1873

Question 4

Reasons (5)

Answer 4

Trade and The Economy (6)
Personal Influence (3)
Strategic Factors (3)
Moral Factors (3)
Adventure and Exploration (2)

Question 5

Trade and The Economy (5)

Answer 5

1. Abstract British Expansion in Africa (3)
2. Specific British Expansion in Africa (2)
3. The Cycle of Dependence (3)
4. This was especially the case during the economic slump of 1873 to 1896. (1)
5. Specifics of interest in East Africa (5)

Question 6

Trade and The Economy (5)
1. Abstract British Expansion in Africa (3)

Answer 6

a. British expansion in Africa in the second half of the 19th century was driven by trade, particularly: (2)
b. Once what had been accessed could investment opportunities and strategic interests emerge? (3)
c. These were important in late-19th century imperialism.

Question 7

Trade and The Economy (6)
2. Abstract British Expansion in Africa (3)
a. British expansion in Africa in the second half of the 19th century was driven by trade, particularly: (2)

Answer 7

i. The prospect of new inland routes.
ii. The discovery of minerals and resources.

Question 8

Trade and The Economy (6)
2. Abstract British Expansion in Africa (3)
b. Once what had been accessed could investment opportunities and strategic interests emerge? (3)

Answer 8

i. Materials
ii. Markets
iii. Routes

Question 9

Trade and The Economy (5)
2. Specific British Expansion in Africa (2)

Answer 9

a. In the second half of the 19th century what materials were sought as to feed the demands of the British industry? (3)
b. As industrial productivity in Britain grew so did the need for sales markets.

Question 10

Trade and The Economy (5)
2. Specific British Expansion in Africa (2)
a. In the second half of the 19th century what materials were sought as to feed the demands of the British industry? (3)

Answer 10

i. Iron
ii. Timber
iii. Coal

Question 11

Trade and The Economy (6)
4. The Cycle of Dependence (3)

Answer 11

a. Britain Seeks Resources…
b. So that they can manufacture goods… (2)
c. Which they then sell back to Africa

Question 12

Trade and The Economy (6)
4. The Cycle of Dependence (3)
b. So that they can manufacture goods… (2)

Answer 12

i. Such as Textiles.
ii. Or Weapons.

Question 13

Trade and The Economy (6)
5. This was especially the case during the economic slump of 1873 to 1896. (1)

Answer 13

a. When Europe was experiencing the Great Depression.

Question 14

Trade and The Economy (6)
6. Specifics of interest in East Africa (5)

Answer 14

a. Many minerals believed to exist within the coast and lakes.
b. Area seemed to have had a great capacity for the production of tropical things that were good for trade. Eg. (2)
c. “healthier” climate than that of the West Coast.
d. Harbours and mountains would allow for an easy access to a great climate once roads are built.
e. Natives. (4)

Question 15

Trade and The Economy (6)
6. Specifics of interest in East Africa (5)
b. Area seemed to have had a great capacity for the production of tropical things that were good for trade. Eg. (2)

Answer 15

i. Cattle
ii. Cereals

Question 16

Trade and The Economy (6)
6. Specifics of interest in East Africa (5)
e. Natives. (4)

Answer 16

i. More industrious than west coast tribes.
ii. Would probably welcome the establishment of a strong government for:
iii. Enforcing an order.
iv. Preventing raids from other tribes.

Question 17

Personal Influence (3)

Answer 17

1. Increasing trade led to a growth in the personal influence of British merchants in Africa.
2. Merchant imperialists capitalised on new commodities and in the process found fame and fortune. (2)
3. Explorers also increased British Public and Political interest in Africa through their work of: (4)

Question 18

Personal Influence (3)
2. Merchant imperialists capitalised on new commodities and in the process found fame and fortune. (2)

Answer 18

a. George Goldie
b. Cecil Rhodes

Question 19

Personal Influence (3)
3. Explorers also increased British Public and Political interest in Africa through their work of: (4)

Answer 19

a. Finding and mapping the waterways
b. Publishing findings
c. Producing maps
d. Spreading their tales of discovery and adventure.

Question 20

Strategic Factors (3)

Answer 20

1. It is sometimes difficult to disentangle the commercial and strategic factors that led to colonisation. (1)
2. However, sometimes strategic interests predominated such as…
3. The establishment of a colony at the most southerly tip of Africa - the Cape. (3)
   b. During the Napoleonic Wars, Cape Colony had been seized by Britain from the Dutch allies of the French.
   c. Cape Colony protected the sea route to: (4)
   d. … thus, giving Britain considerable power over the sea routes to the East.

Question 21

Strategic Factors (3)
1. It is sometimes difficult to disentangle the commercial and strategic factors that led to colonisation. (1)

Answer 21

a. Britain’s areas of coastal interest in West Africa demanded protection. (2)

Question 22

Strategic Factors (3)
1. It is sometimes difficult to disentangle the commercial and strategic factors that led to colonisation. (1)
a. Britain’s areas of coastal interest in West Africa demanded protection. (2)

Answer 22

i. So, a string of forts were built along the Gold Coast.
ii. Also, coastal defences in Sierra Leone and Gambia.

Question 23

Strategic Factors (3)
3. The establishment of a colony at the most southerly tip of Africa - the Cape. (3)

Answer 23

a. The temperate climate and deep-water port of the Cape held advantages over other harbours.
b. During the Napoleonic Wars, Cape Colony had been seized by Britain from the Dutch allies of the French.
c. Cape Colony protected the sea route to: (4)
d. … thus, giving Britain considerable power over the sea routes to the East.

Question 24

Strategic Factors (3)
3. The establishment of a colony at the most southerly tip of Africa - the Cape. (3)
c. Cape Colony protected the sea route to: (4)

Answer 24

i. The Middle East
ii. China
iii. Australia
iv. India

Question 25

Moral Factors (3)

Answer 25

1. Increasingly from the 1860s, Christian missionaries saw it as their duty to spread their faith among non-Christian (“heathen”) people.
2. The Empire is a force of Civilisation, and we can improve things- yup! (2)
3. The stories of missionaries and some explorers. (6)

Question 26

Moral Factors (3)
2. The Empire is a force of Civilisation, and we can improve things- yup! (2)

Answer 26

a. Trade can help by allowing them to appreciate these excellent values as well as providing them the commodities and societal forces that allow for them to behave in a more civilised manner.
b. Races could be raised to the standards of education and conduct which would place them alongside Europeans.

Question 27

Moral Factors (3)
3. The stories of missionaries and some explorers. (6)

Answer 27

a. Subscribers to missionaries were encouraged to donate by pamphlets which outlined the depravity of the heathen. examples to get vibes below:
Idolatry.
Tribal warfare
Cannibalism
Domestic slavery
Sexual promiscuity.

Question 28

When did Europeans chart the course of the Congo river?

Answer 28

1867

Question 29

Adventure and Exploration (2)

Answer 29

1. By 1857, most of Africa had been mapped. (1)
2. It was the explorers who located vast reserves of raw materials which European merchants sought to exploit and trade. (3)

Question 30

Adventure and Exploration (2)
1. By 1857, most of Africa had been mapped. (1)

Answer 30

a. The course of the Congo River was not charted by Europeans until 1867.

Question 31

Adventure and Exploration (2)
2. It was the explorers who located vast reserves of raw materials which European merchants sought to exploit and trade. (3)

Answer 31

a. Gold
b. Palm oil
c. Diamonds