Recognising deterioration and preventing cardiac arrest

Question 1

What are the 5 rings of prevention?

Answer 1

Education, monitoring, recognition, call for help, response

Question 2

What are the 11 causes of airway obstruction?

Answer 2

CNS depression, blood, vomit, foreign body, trauma, epiglottitis, pharyngeal swelling, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, bronchial secretions, blocked tracheostomy

Question 3

How does partial obstruction lead to arrest?

Answer 3

causes cerebral or pulmonary oedema, exhaustion, secondary apnoea, hypoxia in the brain, arrest

Question 4

What noise does a complete airway blockage make?

Answer 4

Silence

Question 5

What is see saw or rocking horse breathing?

Answer 5

pattern of chest and abdominal movement, on inspiration: chest draws in and abdomen expands with the reverse on expiration

Question 6

What does a RR of >25 indicate?

Answer 6

indicates difficulty breathing

Question 7

What are the 9 causes of VF?

Answer 7

ACS, HTN, Valve disease, drugs, inherited cardiac disease, abnormal electrolytes, hypothermia, electrocution

Question 8

What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death out of hospital?

Answer 8

Coronary artery disease

Question 9

What is the initial management of ACS?

Answer 9

Aspirin 300mg
GTN
Oxygen
Morphine IV titrated

Question 10

What is the initial management of hypoglycaemia in the A-E assessment?

Answer 10

50mls 10% Dextrose