Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Making of Modern China > Reconciliation and return of Hong Kong 1978-97 > Flashcards

Reconciliation and return of Hong Kong 1978-97 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Mao die

A

1976

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Shanghai communique when and what

A

1972, Diplomatic document stating improved Sino-US relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When did the PRC get recognised on the UN Security Council

A

1971

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the main reason for improved US relations in early 1970s

A

Mutual mistrust of USSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who replaced Mao

A

Hua Guofeng

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who Supplanted Hua Goufeng in 1978

A

Deng

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was Dennis policy quote

A

It doesn’t matter the colour of the cat as long as it catches the mice
–> meaning communist capitalist didn’t matter as long as it made china stronger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were Dengs four modernisations

A
  • Agriculture
  • Trade
  • Defence
  • Manufacturing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Between 1970 and 1989 by how many countries did chinas diplomatic relations increase by

A

80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benefits of joining the security council for china

A
  • International recognition as strongest asian power
  • Increased trade and diplomacy
  • Equality with world superpowers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many veto votes did china abstain from in the 70s compared to the 80s

A

1970s - 39%
1980s - 6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the difference in Chinas attitude in the UN between the 70s and 80s

A

China gained more confidence beginning to use their veto powers more, advocated for peacekeeping missions, started using subsidiary bodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did Deng state he prioritised in 1982

A

Relations with major states and Institutions like UN and IMF over Maoist ideology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the 1981 example of China opposing USA in the UN showing their confidence

A

Vetoed reappointment of US UN secretary general in favour of a Tanzanian candidate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How did China and USA ally against USSR in 1980s

A

USSR invaded afganhistan so China and USA supported and weaponised taliban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the main cause of the pro democracy movement in 1980s in china

A

Opening up to the west economically also brought the western ideological influence as younger educated people in china took up cause of democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many protestors were there at Tianman square and how many died

A

100,000, 200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When was Tianmanen square massacre

A

1989

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was the UN reaction to Tianamne square massacre and what does it show

A

They were unanimously condemned for breach of human rights, but there was no diplomatic or economic sanctions as china had become too powerful within the UN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What action by China fully absolved them of reputation damage after Tianamen Square

A

They supported the mandate for the Gulf war in 1990

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When was the collapse of the USSR

A

1991

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How did the fall of the USSR affect China

A

Solidified China as only major communist power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why did China pursue joining the IMF and WB

A

Deng wanted to increase foreign investment into china as this would help develop the Economy, they could access many low interest loans to develop industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What was the difference with foreign investment and economic intervention in the 1970s in china

A

It wasn’t exploiatatve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How did the IMF encourage economic reform in china

A
  • Standby loans
  • Push for economic decentralisation
  • Less direct government involvement in the economy
  • Acceptance of free marker values like monetary policy
  • Increasing foreign trade
  • Changing taxation system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What happened in 1986 that was evidence of china accepting more free trade methods advised by IMF

A

They increased interest rates and devalued the currency, devalued the currency so they could sell large amounts of exports worldwide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How was the World Bank impact of china more significant than IMF

A

It was further reaching in social regional and environmental development, also provided larger more direct loans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What did the WB agree in 1980

A

Five large development loans to china

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What were the five development loans

A
  • 200 million education
  • 125 million for freight harbours
  • 135 million in two agricultural loans
  • 70 million to china investment bank for foreign exchanges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How many loans and how much did they total, did the WB provide to china between 1980 and 1997

A

192 loans
$30 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Lubuge Hydroelectric Project

A

1984 chinese test of WB project management methods, competitive bidding for construction. This was a huge success and rate of WB loans to china greatly increased after it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What developments did the WB bring to china that wasn’t loans

A
  • cost benefit analysis
  • environmental assessment
  • competitive bidding
  • modern technology in power
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What was the aim of the first development education loan in 1981

A

Raise standard and volume of chinese graduates from chinese universities, focusing especially on improving facilities in science and engineering departments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What did the WB make china state run

A
  • education
  • transfer payments
  • healthcare
  • housing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why was the WB relationship more significant than foreign trade relationships

A

WB was an independent non political state to economic modernisation could carry on whilst there was political discord like with the tianamen square massacre, when foreign trade relationships haltered temporarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What kind economy was china

A

Socialist market Economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What main two ways did IMF and WB facilitate the opening of chinese economy and economic trasnformation to a socialist market economy

A
  • Opening china up to foreign investment
  • Increased transparency and trust with publication of key reports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

When did china secure diplomatic relations with he EEC

A

1975

39
Q

When did China sign an agreement with EEC about trade

A

1978

40
Q

What was bilateral trade with the EU in 1989 compared to 1995

A

14.3 billion –> 45.6 billion

41
Q

What was EEC reaction to tainiamen

A

Imposed an arms embargo

42
Q

What fact shows the significant relationship between EEC and china

A

Chinas biggest trading partner was EEC, EEC 2nd biggest trading partner was china

43
Q

What was Chinas first step toward improving regional relations

A

softened stance on worldwide revolution

44
Q

ZOPFRAN

A

Zone of peace freedom and neutrality (in Asia)

45
Q

What was chinas aim in supporting ZOPFRAN

A

Boost their own influence and economic ties with south east Asia, whilst reducing influence of USSR and USA

46
Q

Why did PRC go to war with Vietnam in 1979

A

Vietnam invaded chinese supported Cambodia, China also disliked Vietnam for their close relations with USSR

47
Q

What was the outcome of the Vietnam war with PRC

A

PRC failed militarily but they imposed economic sanctions and improved relations with USSR causing USSR to withdraw support from Vietnam, so Vietnam sought close relations with china

48
Q

What followed after chinas improved relations with Vietnam issue

A

They improved relations with all other south East Asian nations

49
Q

Why was China improving Singapore relations significant

A

During Maoist times china had hated Singapore due to their capitalism and USA friendship

50
Q

What did china speculate for Africa in the 1980s and how did this change

A

51 million in investments, this expanded rapidly in the 1990s as chinese entrepreneurship increased

51
Q

Why did china want to co-operate with Japan

A
  • Decrease western influence in Asia
  • close proximity trade partners
  • similar cultures and beliefs
  • use Japanese model to modernise
52
Q

Why did Japan want to co-operate with China

A
  • Cheap manufacturing imports
  • Decrease western influence in Asia
  • Japan could maintain regional power
  • Huge chinese consumer market for their goods
53
Q

Bilateral Communique

A

1972, Japan recognised the PRC diplomatically and began trade agreements

54
Q

Treaty of Peace and friendship

A

1978, Aims to develop lasting peace and co-existence between china and Japan, any dispute would be settled diplomatically, both countries would aim to develop economically

55
Q

What was the bilateral trade between Japan and china

A

Japan would receive energy imports coal and oil and china would receive high end technology and construction equipment

56
Q

Why did Japan switch from exporting energy products to exporting manufactured goods

A

They realised it wasn’t sustainable to export energy goods as they modernised further as they would consumer more energy, manufactured markets also fetch higher prices, value added products

57
Q

Baoshan steel complex

A

Japanese investment in 1990 for chinas steel industry

58
Q

What had Japanese FDI grown by between the start of the 90s to mid 90s

A

8 billion

59
Q

When did China become Japans second largest trading partner

A

1993

60
Q

When did Deng visit Japan

A

1978

61
Q

What was announced at an 1984 Japanese visit to china

A

$4.3 billion loan programme

62
Q

What were the four principles of relations established during diplomatic visits between Japan and china in the early 1980s

A
  • Peace and friendship
  • Mutual benefit
  • Mutual trust
  • equality
63
Q

What was the main significance of diplomatic visits between Japan and china

A

Display non confrontational and friendly attitudes by Japanese officials in the face of Japanese domestic opposition to china and the tianamen square massacre.

64
Q

What were relations like between Japan and china by 1997

A

Very friendly and prosperous, promoting equality between the two very different to the past where one had always been inferior

65
Q

Why had USA always been chinas enemy

A

Since the Korean War Mao believed they were planning a nuclear attack

66
Q

Who did Deng believe would be most important to chinas modernisation

A

USA

67
Q

Significance of improved relations with USA

A
  • They were the worlds most industrialised nation
  • If china could establish relations with USA then the rest of the west would follow
  • Put china on ore equal footing with western nations
68
Q

When were full diplomatic relations agreed with USA

A

1979

69
Q

How did USA and china resolve the issue of Taiwan

A

USA withdrew military personnel and repealed their mutual defence treaty, China agreed not to enforce its will in Taiwan militarily.

70
Q

When did Deng visit USA and how was it significant

A

1979, Peace declared, mutual distrust of USSR declared, agreed equal trade contracts, gave Deng an idea of the model he was following

71
Q

When and why was there tension in Sino-american relations

A

America were anti the tianamen square massacre, also suspected china of supporting rogue nations nuclear programmes

China was angered by USA condemning them for tianamen and the arms embargo, USA moved closer to supporting Taiwan at this time

72
Q

How did Sino-American relations become confrontational in the 90s

A

CCP sent missiles near Taiwan and conducted practice landings, USA also then sent ships to the Taiwan strait

73
Q

Who succeeded Deng in 1989

A

Jiang Zemin

74
Q

When did Jiang Zemin visit American and why was it significant

A

1997, to reassure economic relations and defend the CCP following Tianamen and Taiwan issues. Didn’t lessen US distrust of china or condemnation of their human rights treatment but did reinforce economic relations

75
Q

Why did the political requirements for Sino-american relations falter in 1991

A

Soviet collapse meant there was no shared distrust of soviet threat

76
Q

What were the exports in Sino-american bilateral trade in 1979

A
  • american exported Steel, machinery, fertilisers, vegetable oils
  • China exported feathers, cotton, fireworks
77
Q

What did china import $905 million of in 1988

A

Communication and transportation equipment

78
Q

How much did USA Chinese trade increase by between 1978-1985

A

$6 billion

79
Q

When did China receive MFN status with USA

A

1991

80
Q

Why were USA so interested in trade with china

A

USA wanted to access the huge chinese consumer market and create consumerism with American manufactured goods and brands

81
Q

How many coke bottling plants operated in china in 1985

A

4

82
Q

What American consumer brands started investment in china

A

KFC, Coke, Heinz, Gilette

83
Q

What statistics illustrates the change in living standards in china and creation of a consumerism

A

1980 1.5% of hosuhelods had TVs but 1993 99% of households had TVs

84
Q

What import did Deng value the most from USA

A

Technology especially military technology as he saw future war with Russia as inevitable and wanted to improve chinese technological development after the cultural revolution

85
Q

Why did China desperately want to assume control of Hong Kong back in 1997

A
  • Hong Kong was very economically powerful
  • Remove last physical memory of western imperialism in china
86
Q

What was the chinese policy to Hong Kong

A

They would let it operate the same as it always had, One country two systems, retain capitalism but would be under communist rule

87
Q

When did negotiations with Britain begin about Hong Kong

A

1982

88
Q

Why was Britain very uncompromising about Hong Kong to being with

A

Thatcher was very confident after a victory in the falklands war so went into negotiations stating Britain should keep Hong Kong, china rejected this immediately

89
Q

What was the second British proposition about Hong Kong that china rejected

A

China would assume control but Britain would administrate the day to day

90
Q

Joint Agreement when and what

A

1984, Hong Kong would be returned to china in 1997 but until then Britain would maintain control, Hong Kong would become an SAR preserving the capialsot order and western legal system which a chinese governor

91
Q

What happened to Hong Kong in the 90s

A

Following Tianamen square Pro deomcracy protests began in Hong Kong and, British governor Patten attempted to introduce democratic reforms in Hong Kong introducing more elections

92
Q

What was Chinas reaction to Pattens reforms

A

They were greatly angered as Britain had never introduced democratic reforms in hog kong only now doing it, China then passed basic law

93
Q

Basic law

A

1995, china stated that any changes made to Hong Kong after joint agreement would be reversed in 1997

94
Q

Why did Britain relax their democratic reforms in Hong Kong

A

Chinas economic power was needed by Britain and secured $1.6 billion in orders to chinese market

Making of Modern China (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions