REDS

Question 1

What is the equation for energy balance

Answer 1

Energy intake-total energy expenditure

Question 2

Equation for energy availability

Answer 2

energy intake - exercise energy expenditure

Question 3

what is the optimal level of EA

Answer 3

45Kcal/KgFFM/day

Question 5

Name 3 consequences of low EA & their effects

Answer 5

Menstrual dysfunction
- LH pulse frequency ↓ only with exercise + caloric restriction (Williams, 1995).

• LEA alone (Loucks, 1998) reduced LH frequency by 23% → affects ovulation.

Bone health
- Low EA leads to ↓ bone formation and ↑ bone breakdown.
- This effect is independent of oestrogen levels.

Female Triad
A spectrum of symptoms:
- Subclinical to clinical disordered eating

• Subtle menstrual irregularities to full amenorrhea
• Low BMD to osteoporosis

Prevalence:
- All three: 1-16%
- Any two: 2-27%
- Any one 16-60%

Question 6

Name the 2 method of screening used to diagnose REDs

Answer 6

• Multidisciplinary approach: physician, dietitian, mental health professionals.
• Use of consensus guidelines (De Souza et al., 2014)

Question 7

Name 3 ways to target REDs

Answer 7

• Reversal of recent weight loss
• Increase BMI
• Find ideal BW at which menses returns

Question 8

State the 3 causes of LEA

Answer 8

1) Eating disorders -> refer to doctor practitioner

2) Intentional efforts to reduce body size/fatness -> nutritional education

3) Inadvertent failure to increase energy intake to compensate for exercise energy expenditure -> nutritional education