Regenerating Places (Case Studies)

Question 1

What are key facts about the M4 corridor? (Example of a successful place)

Answer 1

• It is influenced by Heathrow to the east, the Thames to the west
• It is on a wide and flat floodplain, good for building
• From 2001 to 2011, population in West Berkshire increased 6.4%, Slough increased 16.3%
• Location of major ICT companies (Microsoft, Oracle) therefore high skilled workers
• Housing prices from 2005-2015, increased 40-50%
• Thames Valley Local Enterprise Partnership had 0.4% of its neighbourhoods in the deprived 10%
• Lambourne and Aldermaston have increasingly elderly populations

Question 2

What are key facts about Silicon Valley? (Example of a successful place)

Answer 2

• 39 of the Fortune 1000 businesses have headquarters here
• 1/3 venture capital investment in the US
• 250,000 information technology workers employed (2013)
• Gentrification has angered some locals
• Good transportation infrastructure and highly skilled workforce

Question 3

What are some key facts about the influences on Newcastle? (An example of changing functions of places)

Answer 3

• Regional- Tyne and Wear metro connects Whitley Bay, Tynemouth, Byker and Sunderland. Therefore people can work in Newcastle and live in Sunderland, vice versa
- Enterprise zones include; A19 corridor and Neptune yard (Newcastle)
• National- 4 projects part of levelling up fund (2021):
1) Investment in Eldon Square and Grainger market (£20m)
2) Safeguard jobs (£17m)
3) Leisure facilities in west (£18m)
4) Tyne Bridge (£18.45m)
• Global- 45K students at Newcastle University
- Adds £13Bn to UKs Gross Value added
- New fibre optics installed (2020)
• International- Airport links to 54 non stop locations
- Higher concentration of deprivation than in London
- Sister cities with Hainan, Nancy, Newcastle NSW

Question 4

What are some key facts about the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park? (An example of Flagship development)

Answer 4

• Built in Stratford for the 2012 Olympic Games.
• Cost over £1Bn.
• Olympic stadium now used by West Ham.
• London aquatics centre now a public swimming pool.
• Olympic accommodation is now housing for 2800 people.
• New Westfield shopping centre constructed nearby.
• Transport routes improved for visitors + residents afterwards
• 350ha of derelict/ abandoned land used.
• 100ha of new green space, 4k trees, 600k tonnes of soil cleaned
• 3km of rivers + canals cleaned
• Cultural buildings planned- Victoria and Albert East Museum, Sadlers Wells East
• Changes the perception of a place

Question 5

What are some key points about the London Docklands?

Answer 5

• 20,000 jobs were lost in the Docklands
• 1981- 60% of area derelict, vacant or underused
• 1981- 17.8% unemployment rate
•+ Warehouses now expensive apartments.
•+ Cranes kept to show use in past.
•+ 160k trees bought fully grown.
•+ Green space for workers
•+ London City Airport built, providing jobs for docklands workers
•+ 1981- 5% houses owner occupied, 1991- 38%
•+ More than 700 new firms located (HSBC, Bank of America)
•- Employment trends still similar to 1981 for locals.
•- Only 2k affordable homes built.

Question 6

What are some key facts about the Giants Causeway? (An example of Rural regeneration)

Answer 6

• Located on the North-Antrim coast of NI
• Formation of basalt columns
•+ Attracted 851k visitors (2015), up 8% from 2014
•+ Generated £484m in 2017
•+ Avg. tourist spend is £420
•+ 75 full time staff
•+ UNESCO World Heritage site
•+ Contributes £1.5m in wages to local people
•- Increased footfall= damage
•- More cruise ship tourism= less money spent per visitor
•- Roads can’t support increased traffic

Question 7

What are some key facts about the Lake District? (An example of different regeneration types)

Answer 7

• Foot and Mouth disease in 2001
• Outdoor activities (e.g. rock climbing and canoeing)
• Go-Ape added in Grizedale forest in 2003
• Fix the Fells project aims to restore footpaths
• William Wordsworth cottage + house of Beatrix Potter
• Honister slate mine and Keswick pencil museum (past economic strengths)

Question 8

From 2001-2011, what percentage did Sloughs population increase by?

Answer 8

16.3%

Question 9

(M4 Corridor) From 2005-2015, how much did house prices increase?

Answer 9

40-50%

Question 10

In 2013, how many information technology workers were employed in Silicon Valley?

Answer 10

250,000

Question 11

How many of the Fortune 1000 businesses have headquarters in Silicon Valley?

Answer 11

39

Question 12

When were new fibre optics cables installed in Newcastle?

Answer 12

2020

Question 13

What are the sister cities of Newcastle?

Answer 13

Hainan, Nancy, Newcastle NSW

Question 14

How many students are at Newcastle University?

Answer 14

45,000

Question 15

How much did the Queen Elizabeth Olympic park cost to build?

Answer 15

Over £1 billion

Question 16

How many people can now live in the previous Olympic housing?

Answer 16

2800 people

Question 17

What is the estimated cost of HS2?

Answer 17

Around £50 billion

Question 18

How many jobs could be created in the Heathrow expansion?

Answer 18

Up to 100,000 jobs

Question 19

How much could the Heathrow expansion benefit the economy?

Answer 19

Up to £61 billion

Question 20

How much soil was cleaned for the Olympic park?

Answer 20

600k tonnes of soil

Question 21

What cultural buildings were planned for the Olympic park?

Answer 21

Victoria and Albert East museum
Saddlers Wels East

Question 22

How many jobs were lost in the London Docklands?

Answer 22

20,000 jobs lost

Question 23

How many houses were owner occupied in 1981 compared to 1991 in the London Docklands?

Answer 23

1981- 5%
1991- 38%

Question 24

How many affordable homes were built in the London Docklands?

Answer 24

2,000 homes built

Question 25

How many visitors did the Giants Causeway attract in 2015

Answer 25

851,000 people

Question 26

How much money did the Giants Causeway generate in 2017?

Answer 26

£484 million in 2017

Question 27

How many full time staff are employed at the Giants Causeway?

Answer 27

75 full time staff

Question 28

How much is the average tourist spending on the Giants Causeway?

Answer 28

£420

Question 29

How much money in wages does the Giants Causeway contribute to local people?

Answer 29

£1.5 million

Question 30

What are problems of increased tourism in the Giants Causeway?

Answer 30

More littering Increased footfall means damage Higher proportion of cruise ship tourism Roads can't support traffic

Question 31

When was Go-Ape added to Grizedale forest?

Answer 31

2003

Question 32

How has the Lake District seen culture led regeneration?

Answer 32

Promotion of William Wordsworth cottage and house of Beatrix Potter

Question 33

How is the Lake District capitalising on its past economic strengths?

Answer 33

Keswick pencil museum (Lead) and Honester slate mine are past economic strengths

Question 34

Where is sport led regeneration seen in the Lake District?

Answer 34

Outdoor activities such as rock climbing and canoeing Go-Ape in the Grizedale forest

Question 35

What was Detroit's peak population, and when was it

Answer 35

1.85 million people in 1950

Question 36

What is Detroit's population in 2020?

Answer 36

640,000

Question 37

Why did Detroit decline?

Answer 37

High paying jobs in the car industry disappeared with the global manufacturing shift

Question 38

When did Detroit declare bankruptcy, and for how much?

Answer 38

2013, the debt was $18-20 billion

Question 39

What is part of the London Docklands now?

Answer 39

Canary Wharf- the financial capital of London

Question 40

When was a community shop opened in Grampound?

Answer 40

2014

Question 41

How many houses became shareholders in the Grampound community shop

Answer 41

257/280 households

Question 42

Why does Grampound have high community engagement?

Answer 42

• Grampound has a large 65-84 population (18.7%) meaning that they have more time to engage because they aren't working • Grampound is unlikely to have short term residents who won't engage with the community

Question 43

What is an example of a sink estate?

Answer 43

The Barracks in Glasgow

Question 44

What are the three informal methods of affecting the representation of places?

Answer 44

Advertising agencies- Try to make places attractive Development agencies Tourist boards- Done to attract tourists

Question 45

What are some formal methods that affect perception of places?

Answer 45

Data (such as censuses) GIS (such as Google maps) Government representations (Gov website with details)

Question 46

How can engagement be measured?

Answer 46

National election turnout (E.g. rural areas usually have higher turnouts) Local election turnout (Often very low)

Question 47

Why are there demographic differences between North Jesmond and Walker?

Answer 47

North Jesmond is quite an affluent area dominated by students, while walker is one of the most deprived wards in Newcastle

Question 48

What are differences in the age profiles of North Jesmond and Walker?

Answer 48

Walker has quite an average age profile compared to the England average North Jesmond is dominated by 20-25 year olds

Question 49

How are qualification levels different in North Jesmond and Walker?

Answer 49

2.5% of people in North Jesmond don't have any qualifications, compared to 35.5% in Walker The England average is 18%

Question 50

What is the Glasgow effect?

Answer 50

People in Glasgow die younger than expected, even when considering socio-economic deprivation

Question 51

What are the 8 parts of Egan's wheel?

Answer 51

Transport Services Environment Culture Housing Economy Equity Governance

Question 52

What is an example of a commuter town for London?

Answer 52

Sevenoaks