REGENERATING PLACES EQ2 Flashcards
Why might regeneration be needed? (28 cards)
What makes a region successful?
-connectivity
-employment sectors
-urbanisation
-investment
-educated skilled population
-governance
-infrastructure
-community cohesion
-environment green spaces
Successful place case study: Sydney
- It is a financial, cultural and economic hub of the Asia-Pacific region.
-Home to global TNC’s
-High employment rates especially in finance, tech, tourism and education
-attracts skilled international migrants
-strong links to Asian markets
-High urban regeneration - Strong quality of life
Case study: The Rust Belt USA
- located on the previous industrial area of the USA
-once dominated by heavy industry and manufacturing
-decline began in the 70s and 80s due to: global shift of manufacturing to Asia, automation and deindustrialisation, and competitions from overseas producers - caused mass unemployment
-population decline caused by young skilled workers seeking employment
-rise in poverty, crime and social deprivation
-urban decay and abandoned infrastructure
What is a negative multiplier? (Spiral of decline)
A downwards spiral or cycle where economic conditions produce less spending and less incentive for businesses to invest
What is a cycle of decline?
Job losses austerity and lack of investment…
Makes and area become deprived…
Causes increasing crime and antisocial behaviour…
Causing more unemployment…
Causing declining health…
Cycling back to the start and continually repeating
Factors influencing social deprivation
-Low income and employment
-poor quality housing and lack of affordable homes
-lack of quality education
-limited access to healthcare
-higher crime rates
-lack of access to services
-remote location
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What is the inter generational cycle
Refers to how patterns of disadvantage or advantage such as poverty, low education, poor health or unemployment are passed from one generation to another
What are reinventor cities?
A type of post industrial area that has successfully transformed its economy after the decline of traditional industries like manufacturing steel or coal
What are replicator cities?
A city that has replaced old industries with low skilled, low waged service sector jobs like retail, call centres and warehouses
What is a sink estate?
A housing area within an urban area that suffers from multiple forms of deprivation and has a poor reputation due to long term social and economic decline
What is a gated community?
A residential area with controlled access often surrounded by walls or fences where entry is restricted to residents and their guests
What is a commuter village?
A rural or semi rural area that mainly functions as a residential base for people who commute to urban areas for employment
What is a declining rural settlement?
A village or small town in the countryside that is experiencing a reduction in population, services and economic activity, often due to outward migration and lack of opportunities
What is studentification?
The process where a growing student population transforms the characteristics of a local area, typically near universities or a college
Why can regeneration cause conflicts?
Can result in the displacement of residents and inequality due to gentrification
Can have negative environmental impacts
Some communities may feels overlooked or neglected
How much support are different projects receiving in Cornwall
(case study)
Local- Funding and grants from the local council for local businesses, community groups and environmental projects including grants from NGOs supporting grassroots initiatives
Regional- South West government programmes support local businesses. Support from the EU on regional development programmes
National- Government funding programmes to boost economic development, cultural funding to preserve heritage and the arts. Research and innovation, environmental support
Why are there conflicts about the need for regeneration?
-differing perceptions over the cause of the decline
-competing interests over who should benefit
-debates over the right solution for the problem
Why would a ‘sink estate’ be prioritised over a ‘gated community’.
-sink estates are in greater need of intervention
-higher levels of social deprivation
-need to tackle inequality
-government policy focus
-crime reduction
-public services pressure
-political and moral responsibility
Why would a ‘declining rural settlement be prioritised over a ‘commuter village’?
-demographic decline
-service reduction
-economic decline
-transport isolation
-housing and affordable housing
-National policy focus
Why might engagement make regeneration more successful?
Local knowledge and relevance- ensures real problems are addressed
Increased support and reduced conflict- people are more likely to support if they feel heard
Sense of ownership- engaged communities take more pride and care in the change.
Social cohesion
Improved outcomes- tailored to the community
Accountability and transparency
What is attachment and engagement with place?
What factors can influence engagement with place?
What factors can influence engagement with place?
Lower Falinge flats (case study)
