GLOBALISATION EQ3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the development gap, and why may this be happening?
Refers to the widening difference in levels of development between the worlds richer and poorer countries
Could be caused by free trade/neoliberalism policies allowing wealth accumulation without restriction
The richest 1% own half of the worlds global wealth - this may become 2/3rds by 2030
What is the Gini Coefficent?
Measures the increasing inequality within countries- an index with values between 0 and 100.
A value of 0 means everyone has the same high income whereas 100 means high income inequality
What is the Lorenz Curve?
Used to show the distribution of health per household, comparing it to the ‘line of perfect equality’
No country on earth had a perfect distribution
The further the curve from the perfect line the less equitable the country
What are Single vs composite measures?
Single- measures one indicator
Composite- measures a combination of indicators
What is GDP?
Refers to the market value of all the finished goods and services produced by a country
What is GNI?
Takes into account a country’s GDP and net income earned abroad
What is PPP?
Purchasing Power Parity- a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries currencies
What is the economic sector balance?
Measures the proportion of economic output from each sector of industries. Eg primary vs secondary vs tertiary vs quaternary
What is the HDI?
Measures life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators
What is the GEI?
A composite measure that provides insight into gender disparities in health, employment and the labour market
What is censorship?
Control over media outlets. eg. the great firewall of china
What are the tensions over globalisation?
Tensions about migration
-some governments are protectionist, they dont want migrants coming in or making changes so they set up border control and barriers to travel.
Tensions about the environment
-international trade and increasing levels of development have led to significant environmental harm
-eg. Water, air, soil pollution and climate change (caused by land use change and fossil fuel emissions
Tensions over culture/ideology
-opposing beliefs and values
-some nations have tried to avoid westernisation
Tensions over resources/territory
-globalisation has led to a greater demand for resources which can lead to tension between nations
What is limited immigration?
Control over movement of people. Eg. Citizenship tests
What is trade protectionism?
Control over movement of materials
What is maintaining cultural identity?
Indigenous tribes wanting to preserve their land
What is neocolonialism?
The use of economic, political, cultural or other pressures to control or influence other countries
What is enviromental quality?
Measures that include the assessment of air, water, soil pollution and the labour market
What is enviromental quality?
Measures that include the assessment of air, water, soil pollution and the labour market
CASE STUDY: TRANS BOUNDARY WATER CONFLICTS- MEKONG RIVER
Mekong river is one of the largest water systems.
60 million people rely on its water and nutrients.
The use of the water for hydroelectric power is damaging the environment and causing a loss of income for fishermen
Water is becoming scarce due to china building dams and Laos and Cambodia also
-dams are funded by FDI and TNCs driven by the global demand for renewable energy.
What is sustainability?
Living in a way that meets the needs and demands of the present without compromising the needs of further generations
What is localism and why might this help tackle some of the negative affects of globalisation?
Defined as decisions made locally, encouraging sufficiency on a local scale to respond to global challenges.
It helps to tackle globalisation as if many small communities take part then everyone is encouraged to make a change
What is a Transition initiative, and what is being done in Totnes Devon to promote environmental, social and economic stability?
Defined as when a community pledges to be more sustainable.
Totnes- have developed a wide range of projects that actively build the community around local food, economy, housing, energy and transport.
CASE STUDY: INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN CANADA
-Indigenous communities in Canada take issue with the resource extraction driven by TNC’s that often take place on their land
-Global economic interests are given precedence over indigenous rights and environmental protection
-The trans mountain pipeline was built without full consent from the land owners causing environmental degradation
-cultural diffusion occurred as TNCs were introduced into the area
CASE STUDY: RISE OF EXTREMISM IN EUROPE
-Increased international migration and multiculturalism is largely blamed
-social media and government networks were used to spread extremist ideologies
-this caused increases in terrorism, far right extremism and social polarisation.
