Registry review 2

Question 1

Def- any device that converts one form of energy to another.

transducer
focusing
transmission
refraction

Answer 1

transducer

Question 2

Def- describes the property of certain materials to create a voltage when they are mechanically deformed or when pressure is applied to them.

Snells law
Ohm’s law
piezoelectric effect
reverse piezoelectric effect

Answer 2

piezoelectric effect

Question 3

Def- increases the efficiency of sound energy transfer between the active element and the body, and protects the active element

case
matching layer
damping material
wire

Answer 3

matching layer

Question 4

Def- is the main freq divided by the bandwidth.

Q-factor
matching layer
snell’s law
PZT

Answer 4

Q-factor

Question 5

Different types of piezoelectric materials: Quartz and tourmaline are found in ___?

Nature
man made
NA
NASA

Answer 5

Nature

Question 6

During reception, the reflected sound pulse is converted into ___?

sound
heat
electricity
pressure

Answer 6

electricity

Question 7

During transmission, electrical energy from the system is converted into ____?

heat
sound
pressure
time

Answer 7

sound

Question 8

Matching layer is ___ wavelength thick
1/2
1/4
1/8
1/16

Answer 8

1/4

Question 9

Piezoelectric materials change shape when a voltage is applied to them, a process called the ___?

piezoelectric
reverse piezoelectric efffect
pressure
snell’s law

Answer 9

reverse piezoelectric efffect

Question 10

T or F: Elements are durable and hard to break?
T
F

Answer 10

F

Question 11

T or F: Proper way to clean the transducer is to sterilize it?
T
F

Answer 11

F

Question 12

The PZT material is ____ wavelength thick?

1/2
1/4
halved
quadrupled

Answer 12

1/2

Question 13

The temperature at which the PZT is polarized is called the ??

piezoelectric effect
Curie temperature
matching layer
super hot

Answer 13

Curie temperature

Question 14

The use of Gel is to eliminate the __ layer and facilitates sound transmission into the body

wire
stand off pad
gel
air

Answer 14

air

Question 15

What is the units for Quality factor?

%
Rayls
mm/sec
unitless

Answer 15

unitless

Question 16

What transports the voltage from the crystal of the transducer to the system for further processing

case
wire
backing layer
matching layer

Answer 16

wire

Question 17

Which of the below shortens the spatial pulse length and pulse duration?

crystal
PZT
backing material
insulator case

Answer 17

backing material

Question 18

___ a digital computer based technique, is used to process both pulsed and continuous wave Doppler signals

FFT
autocorrelation
cross talk
reverberation

Answer 18

FFT

Question 19

A special form of mirror image artifact, arises only with spectral Doppler?

reverberation
cross talk
spectral analysis
FFT

Answer 19

cross talk

Question 20

A wall filter is used to eliminate ____ frequency doppler shifts.

high
low
artifact
velocity

Answer 20

low

Question 21

Appear on the display as multiple, equally spaced echoes caused by the bouncing of the sound wave between two strong, reflectors positioned parallel

ghosting
mirror talk
cross talk
reverberation

Answer 21

reverberation

Question 22

Because of the enormous amount of data used in processing color doppler which of the below is used to analyse

FFT
autocorrelation
compression

Answer 22

autocorrelation

Question 23

Breaking of the speed limit and causes wrap around in the spectrum. Shows peak velocities at the bottom of the baseline

aliasing
cross talk
mirror imaging

Answer 23

aliasing

Question 24

Doppler shifts arise from moving blood. T or F

T
F

Answer 24

T

Question 25

During turbulent flow, the pulsed Doppler specral window is? clear filled in broken

Answer 25

filled in

Question 26

Fast fourier transform and autocorrelation are two forms of Doppler velocities spectral analysis laminar flow nasa research

Answer 26

spectral analysis

Question 27

FFT has two advantages. One is displays all individual velocity components that make up the complex reflected signal. The second is ? fast accurate analyse color

Answer 27

accurate

Question 28

If we have a 90 degree angle and no color flow what can we do to get color in the vessel? new patient different angle pw cw

Answer 28

different angle

Question 29

In FFT the region between the baseline and the spectrum is called? spectral analysis spectral door spectral window

Answer 29

spectral window

Question 30

Is a tool that breaks the signal into basic building blocks and identifies the individual velocities that make up the reflected Doppler signal cross talk spectral analysis ghosting spectral doppler gain

Answer 30

spectral analysis

Question 31

Low frequency Doppler shifts on spectral displays, are called? speckle clutter bruit vibration

Answer 31

clutter

Question 32

Low frequency shifts on color doppler are called? clutter ghosting stones reverberation

Answer 32

ghosting

Question 33

T or F: crosstalk is unidirectional but appears as bidirectional on spectrum. T F

Answer 33

T

Question 34

T or F: with laminar most blood cells travel at similar velocities? T F

Answer 34

T

Question 35

the spectral window is filled in from turbulent flow is known as? spectral narrowing spectral broadening spectral no change NA

Answer 35

spectral broadening

Question 36

What angle produeces a zero doppler shift? 10 60 180 90

Answer 36

90

Question 37

What artifact resembles a ladder or venetian blind? cross talk reverberation mirror image ghosting

Answer 37

reverberation

Question 38

What can we adjust to reduce ghosting artifact? scale angle wall filter pw

Answer 38

wall filter

Question 39

What can we do to decrease aliasing? increase scale decreaes scale

Answer 39

increase scale

Question 40

What color will be in the vessel at a 90 degree incident angle? blue red black amethest

Answer 40

black

Question 41

What is another name for wall filter? air filter high pass filters low pass filters no pass filters

Answer 41

high pass filters

Question 42

What is the speed of soft tissue? 1,540m/s 1600 1570 1356 m/s

Answer 42

1,540m/s

Question 43

What number do we need to keep our angle under to get an optimal image? 60 70 80 100

Answer 43

60

Question 44

Which of the below is used to analyse color flow Doppler? FFT autocorrelation demodulation

Answer 44

autocorrelation

Question 45

Which of the two methods of spectal analysis are used to distinguish laminar flow from turbulent flow. Autorcorrelation fast fourier transform demodulation compression

Answer 45

fast fourier transform

Question 46

A collection of elements in a line? curved array beam steering linear array elements

Answer 46

linear array

Question 47

A mode is currently used for ??? ears, nose throat eyes brain carotids

Answer 47

eyes

Question 48

All but one are the different modes of imaging in US. A- MODE B - MODE C- MODE M- MODE

Answer 48

C- MODE

Question 49

A-mode: Does the stong reflectors create tall or short peaks Tall Short No change

Answer 49

Tall

Question 50

B mode: The Z axis resprents what? Brightness of dots reflector depth measured height weight

Answer 50

Brightness of dots

Question 51

Combination of electronic circuitry, the wire and the element array element channel linear

Answer 51

channel

Question 52

Def- A collection of active elements in a single transducer Linear Arrays Phased Mechanical

Answer 52

Arrays

Question 53

Def- A group of ringed elements (bulls eye) with a common center phased array annular array convex array curved

Answer 53

annular array

Question 54

Def- a single slab of PZT cut into seperate pieces array phased transducer element

Answer 54

element

Question 55

Def- Adjustable focus or multi-focus: achieved electronically. element phased array annular phased array

Answer 55

phased array

Question 56

Def- appears as a group of horizontal wavy lines. the reflections move at a constant speed from rt to lt across the screen a mode b mode m mode z mode

Answer 56

m mode

Question 57

Def- Returning echoes are presented as spots on the line of travel of the emitted US pulse. The stronger the returning echo, the brighter the spot. The brightness of the dot is proportional to the amplitude of the returning echo. a mode b mode c mode m mode

Answer 57

b mode

Question 58

Def- When the US pulse is emitted, a dot moves across the display at a constant speed. When the echo returns, an upward deflection proportional to the amplitude of the returning echo is observed a-mode b-mode m-mode t-mode

Answer 58

a-mode

Question 59

Do Narrow or Wide beams provide high quality imaging and good lateral resolution narrow wide na

Answer 59

narrow

Question 60

Does the annular array have single or multiple focuses? single multifocus non focused

Answer 60

multifocus

Question 61

Each active element creates a small sound ___ image sound wavelet elecrical signal

Answer 61

wavelet

Question 62

Elements that are arrange in an arc are called linear annular curved convexed

Answer 62

curved convexed

Question 63

How are mechanic transducers steered? electronic moved by a motor external lens

Answer 63

moved by a motor

Question 64

How are mechanical transducers focused? electronic curvature of the PZT unable to steer or focus

Answer 64

curvature of the PZT

Question 65

How is phased array transducers focused and steered mechanically external lens electronically non focused

Answer 65

electronically

Question 66

How is slice thickness measured to the imaging plane or above to below. angled perpindicular oblique parallel

Answer 66

perpindicular

Question 67

If a damage PZT cyrstal in the annular array. The screen will show a vertical band drop out horizontal band drop out erratic entire image dropped

Answer 67

horizontal band drop out

Question 68

In a convex transducer what happens to the image if a crystal goes out? entire image nothing band drop out na

Answer 68

band drop out

Question 69

In addition to axial and lateral resolution, slice thickness or ___ contribute to image quality mechanical vector elevational resolution array

Answer 69

elevational resolution

Question 69

Linear Phased has a fan or sector shaped similar to that produced by the mechanical transducer. T or F T F

Answer 69

T

Question 70

M mode: A line moving up and down on the display indicates that the reflector is moving closer or farther away from the ___? transducer reciever patient tires

Answer 70

transducer

Question 71

On the annular array the inner rings have a shallow or deeper focus shallow deeper non focused

Answer 71

shallow

Question 72

What are the two types of linear arrays? linear switched and linear phased array

Answer 72

linear switched and linear phased array

Question 73

Which of the modes is the only mode to display the changing position of reflectors with respect to time a mode b mode m mode z mode

Answer 73

m mode

Question 74

What is the image shape of mechanical scanning rectangle fan blunted round

Answer 74

fan

Question 75

What kind of transducer has approx 200 rectangular shaped elements arrange in a line? annular curved convexed linear switched

Answer 75

linear switched

Question 76

What determines elevational resolution in phased array, linear array, adn convex array transducers? Rectangular shaped active elements placed side by side. active elements in a line curved elements

Answer 76

Rectangular shaped active elements placed side by side.

Question 77

The sound beams are electronically transmitted in different direction without the use of moving parts is called what? array phasing steering focusing

Answer 77

phasing

Question 78

Which of the transducers has the trapezoidal image shape? linear vector annular mechanical

Answer 78

vector

Question 79

Which of th modes can be used to describe current US a mode b mode m mode c mode

Answer 79

b mode

Question 80

What happens to the image if we have a defective crystal? band drop out horizontal band drop out entire image gone nothing

Answer 80

entire image gone

Question 81

The height of the upward deflection is proportional to the ___ of the returning echo in A- mode? Amplitude Velocity Intensity Power

Answer 81

Amplitude

Question 82

The outer ring in the annular array has a shallow focus? T or F T F

Answer 82

F

Question 83

The newer 1 1/2D array transducers can have up around how many crystals 100 200 50 700

Answer 83

700

Question 84

What does the Y axis on A mode represent reflector depth, measured pulses time of flight deflection, measured by reflection amplitude time distance

Answer 84

deflection, measured by reflection amplitude

Question 85

Piezo crystals arranged in a curve to provide a natural sector image. convex or curved vector annular

Answer 85

convex or curved

Question 86

What happens to beam steering and focusing in a linear phased with a damaged crystal? erratic beam steering adn focusing band drop out entire image out

Answer 86

erratic beam steering adn focusing

Question 87

What image shape does the linear switched or sequential array have vector fan blunted fan rectangular

Answer 87

rectangular

Question 88

Phased array always means __ or __ non adjustable , multifocus adjustable, single focus adjustable , multifocus

Answer 88

adjustable , multifocus

Question 89

The x-axis on the graph during A-mode scanning represents? reflector depth, measured by pulses time of flight deflection, measured by reflection amplitude height time

Answer 89

reflector depth, measured by pulses time of flight

Question 90

What would we generally use M-mode for? vascular cardiac ob pediatrics

Answer 90

cardiac