REL A 250 Midterm 1 Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
Bible
A
Sacred Scripture; the books that contain the truth of God’s Revelation and were composed by human writers inspired by the Holy Spirit. Testament = Covenant
2
Q
Canon
A
The official list of inspired books of the Bible
3
Q
Codex
A
an ancient manuscript text in book form.
4
Q
Dead Sea Scrolls
A
Found in 1947 in Qumran, contain the old testament in fragments (not Esther) Mostly Deuteronomy, Isaiah, and Psalms
5
Q
Hebrew
A
Scholarly language at the time of Christ. “One who had come from beyond (the Euphrates)”
6
Q
Italics
A
Words inserted into the KJV translation to make sense of the Greek/Hebrew text
7
Q
JST
A
Not official version of the bible, clarifies KJV by revelation. Some canon LDS scriptures came from it.
8
Q
Pentateuch
A
A Greek word meaning “five books,” referring to the first five books of the Old Testament.
9
Q
Septuagint (LXX)
A
the Greek translation of the Old Testament. “LXX” serves as its abbreviation.
10
Q
Talmud
A
Hebrew term for “learning” contains text and commentaries. Full of Jewish cultural things.
11
Q
Torah
A
Hebrew “to cast” and put forth instruction. Contains the first five books of the Old Testament. Elaborately encased.
12
Q
Writing
A
Existed before the time of Adam. Egypt - Hyroglyphs and Papyrus, Babylonia - cuneiform and clay tablets, Israelites- Phoenician & sheep or goat skin. Uncial is caps and cursives is lowercase.
13
Q
Adam
A
The ancient of days, had perfect written and spoken language, was baptized and visited by the lord.
14
Q
Christ
A
The anointed (greek) Messiah (hebrew). Foreordained to be our savior and live a perfect life.
15
Q
Eden-Garden of
A
The home of our first parents.
16
Q
Fall of Adam
A
Before the fall there was no sin, death, or children. A necessary step in our progression.
17
Q
Firmament
A
The expanse (wide continuous surface) of the heavens.
18
Q
Messiah
A
“The anointed” Aramaic. The Jews expected a political deliverer.
19
Q
Gabriel
A
Man of God. Angel sent to Daniel, Zacharias, and Mary. By modern revelation: Noah.
20
Q
Genealogy
A
Important where offices (ex: priest/Messiah) were limited to certain lineages. Christ had 2 genealogies, one was Legal and to Abraham (Matthew) and the other was natural and to God (Luke).
21
Q
Gospels
A
“good news” of Christ’s atonement. More like testimonies than biographies. Matthew, Mark, Luke = Synoptic Gospels. John is unique. All have different features and don’t agree on all chronology.
22
Q
Immanuel
A
“God with us” prophetic name for Jesus.
23
Q
John
A
Disciple. Fisherman. Son of Zebedee. Wrote gospel of John. “John the beloved.”
24
Q
John the Baptist
A
A child of prophecy. Was filled with the Holy Ghost from birth. Was baptized as a child. Recognized the dove as a sign that he had baptized Christ. Beheaded for opposing Herod’s marriage. Restored the Aaronic Priesthood in the modern dispensation.
25
Joseph (son of Heli)
Husband of Mary, step father of Jesus. Probably died before Jesus's crucifixion (and even baptism).
26
Light of Christ
Influence of Christ on every human soul. The exact phrase is not in the Bible, but it does say "light of life" and "spirit of Christ." Not to be confused with the personage of the Holy Ghost, which is also called "the spirit of Christ" sometimes.
27
Matthew
"Gift of God" Used to be a tax collector named Levi. Threw a feast for his associates when he was called. Jesus was there. Pharisees judged Jesus for that.
28
Nazareth
Th early home of Jesus. He declared he was the fulfiller of prophecy at a synagog there. He was rejected; he did not return.
29
Theophilus
"Friend of God." The person that Luke addressed his gospel and Acts to. "Most Excellent Theophilus."
30
Wisemen of the East
Holy men, spiritually sensitive to the birth of Christ. From a land east of Palestine.
31
Sacred Scripture; the books that contain the truth of God's Revelation and were composed by human writers inspired by the Holy Spirit. Testament = Covenant
Bible
32
The official list of inspired books of the Bible
Canon
33
an ancient manuscript text in book form.
Codex
34
Found in 1947 in Qumran, contain the old testament in fragments (not Esther) Mostly Deuteronomy, Isaiah, and Psalms
Dead Sea Scrolls
35
Scholarly language at the time of Christ. "One who had come from beyond (the Euphrates)"
Hebrew
36
Words inserted into the KJV translation to make sense of the Greek/Hebrew text
Italics
37
Not official version of the bible, clarifies KJV by revelation. Some canon LDS scriptures came from it.
JST
38
A Greek word meaning "five books," referring to the first five books of the Old Testament.
Pentateuch
39
the Greek translation of the Old Testament. "LXX" serves as its abbreviation.
Septuagint (LXX)
40
Hebrew term for "learning" contains text and commentaries. Full of Jewish cultural things.
Talmud
41
Hebrew "to cast" and put forth instruction. Contains the first five books of the Old Testament. Elaborately encased.
Torah
42
Existed before the time of Adam. Egypt - Hyroglyphs and Papyrus, Babylonia - cuneiform and clay tablets, Israelites- Phoenician & sheep or goat skin. Uncial is caps and cursives is lowercase.
Writing
43
The ancient of days, had perfect written and spoken language, was baptized and visited by the lord.
Adam
44
The anointed (greek) Messiah (hebrew). Foreordained to be our savior and live a perfect life.
Christ
45
The home of our first parents.
Eden-Garden of
46
Before the fall there was no sin, death, or children. A necessary step in our progression.
Fall of Adam
47
The expanse (wide continuous surface) of the heavens.
Firmament
48
"The anointed" Aramaic. The Jews expected a political deliverer.
Messiah
49
Man of God. Angel sent to Daniel, Zacharias, and Mary. By modern revelation: Noah.
Gabriel
50
Important where offices (ex: priest/Messiah) were limited to certain lineages. Christ had 2, one was Legal and to Abraham (Matthew) and the other was natural and to God (Luke).
Genealogy
51
"good news" of Christ's atonement. More like testimonies than biographies. Matthew, Mark, Luke = Synoptic. John is unique. All have different features and don't agree on all chronology.
Gospels
52
"God with us" prophetic name for Jesus.
Immanuel
53
Disciple. Fisherman. Son of Zebedee. Wrote gospel of ____. "____ the beloved."
John
54
A child of prophecy. Was filled with the Holy Ghost from birth. Was baptized as a child. Recognized the dove as a sign that he had baptized Christ. Beheaded for opposing Herod's marriage. Restored the Aaronic Priesthood in the modern dispensation.
John the Baptist
55
Husband of Mary, step father of Jesus. Probably died before Jesus's crucifixion (and even baptism).
Joseph (son of Heli)
56
Influence of Christ on every human soul. The exact phrase is not in the Bible, but it does say "light of life" and "spirit of Christ." Not to be confused with the personage of the Holy Ghost, which is also called "the spirit of Christ" sometimes.
Light of Christ
57
"Gift of God" Used to be a tax collector named Levi. Threw a feast for his associates when he was called. Jesus was there. Pharisees judged Jesus for that.
Matthew
58
Th early home of Jesus. He declared he was the fulfiller of prophecy at a synagog there. He was rejected; he did not return.
Nazareth
59
"Friend of God." The person that Luke addressed his gospel and Acts to. "Most Excellent __________."
Theophilus
60
Holy men, spiritually sensitive to the birth of Christ. From a land east of Palestine.
Wisemen of the East
61
Moses 1
God reveals Himself to _____—_____ is transfigured—He is confronted by Satan—_____ sees many inhabited worlds—Worlds without number were created by the Son—God’s work and glory is to bring to pass the immortality and eternal life of man.
62
Abraham 3
_______ learns about the sun, moon, and stars by means of the Urim and Thummim—The Lord reveals to him the eternal nature of spirits—He learns of pre-earth life, foreordination, the Creation, the choosing of a Redeemer, and the second estate of man.
63
Genesis 1
God creates this earth and its heaven and all forms of life in six days—The creative acts of each day are described—God creates man, both male and female, in His own image—Man is given dominion over all things and is commanded to multiply and fill the earth.
64
Genesis 2
The Creation is completed—God rests on the seventh day—The prior spirit creation is explained—Adam and Eve are placed in the Garden of Eden—They are forbidden to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil—Adam names every living creature—Adam and Eve are married by the Lord.
65
Moses 2
God creates the heavens and the earth—All forms of life are created—God makes man and gives him dominion over all else.
66
Moses 3
God created all things spiritually before they were naturally upon the earth—He created man, the first flesh, upon the earth—Woman is a help meet for man.
67
Moses 4
How Satan became the devil—He tempts Eve—Adam and Eve fall, and death enters the world.
68
2 Nephi 9:1-20
Jacob explains that the Jews will be gathered in all their lands of promise—The Atonement ransoms man from the Fall—The bodies of the dead will come forth from the grave, and their spirits from hell and from paradise—They will be judged—The Atonement saves from death, hell, the devil, and endless torment—The righteous are to be saved in the kingdom of God
69
Matthew 1
A legal genealogy of Christ is given. Christ is born of Mary—She conceives by the power of the Holy Ghost—Our Lord is named Jesus.
70
Matthew 10
Jesus instructs and empowers the Twelve Apostles and sends them forth to preach, minister, and heal the sick—Those who receive the Twelve receive the Lord.
71
Matthew 11
Jesus acclaims John as more than a prophet—The cities of Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum are rebuked for unbelief—The Son reveals the Father—The yoke of Christ is easy, and His burden is light.
72
Mark 1
Jesus is baptized by John—He preaches the gospel, calls disciples, casts out devils, heals the sick, and cleanses a leper.
73
Mark 5
Jesus casts out a legion of devils, who then enter the swine—A woman is healed by touching Jesus’ clothes—He raises Jairus’s daughter from the dead.
74
Luke 1
Gabriel promises Zacharias that Elisabeth will bear a son, whom they will name John—He also tells Mary that she will be the mother of the Son of God—Mary visits Elisabeth and utters a psalm of praise—John the Baptist is born—Zacharias prophesies of John’s mission.
75
John 1 (include JST)
Christ is the Word of God—He created all things and was made flesh—John baptizes Jesus and testifies that He is the Lamb of God—John, Andrew, Simon, Philip, and Nathanael believe in Christ and follow Him.
JST: The gospel of Jesus Christ has been preached from the beginning. John the Baptist is the Elias who prepares the way for Christ, and Jesus Christ is the Elias who restores all things and through whom salvation comes.
76
Hellenization
the spread of Greek culture that had begun after the conquest of Alexander the Great in the fourth century, B.C.E
77
Scribes
They were originally educated copyists of the scriptures. When Judah returned from exile in Babylon they also became teachers of the law. They filled the void left by the prophets, and understood ancient Hebrew (most people spoke Aramaic). They had the titles of: lawyers, doctors, elders, and rabbis. There was no unity of interpretation among these scholars, which resulted in many religious sects.
78
Pharisees
Hebrew Parash "to be seperated." Separated from the impurities of the Gentiles. Salvation comes by living the law; there fore, one must interpret and remove all ambiguity from the law. Believe in free will and predestination, angels, spirits, the resurrection, and a judgement in the life to come. They reject ongoing revelation and accept the oral traditions of the Elders. Major influence over the masses. Controlled the Synagogues (more a place of study than of worship). Only one group left in 70 AD to rewrite the texts (Masoretic).
79
Sadducees
The wealthy upper class -- priests, merchants, and aristocrats. They sold wood, salt, etc. for the temple ordinances. They controlled all the revenues of the temple. They rejected the oral law. the purpose of keeping the law was for divine guidance in mortality. Rejected supernatural beliefs like resurrection. Only about 2,000 of them, but very politically influential.
80
Sanhedrin
A court of seventy-one elders made up of scribes, Sadducees, Pharisees and presided over by the high priest (a Sadducee). They administered and made judgements for all religious law. By the time of Jesus, the position of high priest involved a political appointment.
81
Essenes
NOT mentioned by name in the New Testament. A fanatical religious cult. Lived in isolated communities by the Dead Sea. Supported Zadokite priesthood, and were open to the possibility of continued revelation. The Qumron movement was characterized by a feeling of profound revulsion at the impurity of temple worship. Obedience enforced under strict discipline and sever punishment even for minor infractions.
82
Zealots
Like the Pharisees in their beliefs, but justified fighting and killing those who threatened the Law of Moes. They took their name from Numbers 25:7-13 where Phineas killed an adulterous couple and his "zeal" made it right before God. Frequently tried to start war with the Romans. They finally succeeded in 66 AD when the Romans plundered the Temple and took the temple money. In the New Testament, Barabbas and the two thieves crucified with Christ are thought by some to be be in this group.
83
Between the Testaments: Chronology of Isreal's captors
Cyrus (Persian King) frees Jews from Babylon ➤ Alexander "the Great" conquers the Persian empire, Greeks rule Judea ➤ Alexander "the Great" unexpectedly dies, his generals fight and divide his empire (Judea falls to Ptolemy) ➤ Seleucids conquer Judea ➤ Maccabean revolt (Jewish independance) ➤ Roman empire conquers Judea, Herod made king of Judea
84
What cultural changes took place here?
Cyrus (Persian King) frees Jews from Babylon ➤ Alexander "the Great" conquers the Persian empire, Greeks rule Judea ➤ Alexander "the Great" unexpectedly dies, his generals fight and divide his empire (Judea falls to Ptolemy) ➤ Seleucids conquer Judea ➤ Maccabean revolt (Jewish independance) ➤ Roman empire conquers Judea, Herod made king of Judea
Language changes from Hebrew to Aramaic, scribes (like Ezra) become important. (Z) Zerubbabel Temple is completed (2nd Temple period). (E) Ezra lead second migration from Babylon, and cracks down on intermarrying. (N) Nehemiah rebuilds walls around Jerusalem ➤ Greek becomes common language, Heleneazation spreads ➤ ➤ Antiochus IV Ephiphanes claims he is god, he seeks to destroy judaism via killing circumcised jewish male babies and Greek gymnasiums and philosophies. ➤ Temple rededicated, Hanukkah. John Hyrcanus, A maccabean, forces the Idumeans to convert to Judaism (including Herod's ancestors). ➤ Romans appoint Antipater, father of Herod "the great." Pharisees, Sadduccess, and Essenes rise to positions of prominence. Herod is hated by most jews. Brings unity to Pharisees and Sadducees. Authority when Christ is born.
85
Who was the last prophet of the Old Testament? Who was the first prophet of the New Testament?
Malachi, John the baptist.
86
What are some ways Greek culture (Heleneazation) affected the Jews?
Created a general backlash as the Jews tried to protect their cultural heritage. They didn't want to mix with the gentiles. Ultimately, Greek ideas started to seep into their studies.
87
What is the timeline of the Old Testament?
2000 Years: Creation ➤ Flood ➤ Tower of Babel
Abraham ➤ Isaac ➤ Jacob ➤ Joseph & the 12 tribes in Egypt
Moses (Law of Moses, Mount Sinai, Tabernacle, spies to promised land) ➤ 40 years in wilderness ➤ Jordan River
Joshua ➤ Jerico ➤ Judges
Samuel the Prophet ➤ King Saul ➤ King David ➤ King Solomon (Temple built, 1st Temple period)
Israel divides over Solomon and Rehoboam's taxation
Jerhoboam ➤ Northern Tribes (Ten tribes, Ephraim, Samaria) ➤ 721 BC Assyrian Conquest ➤ 10 tribes lost
Rehoboam ➤ Southern Tribes (Judah, house of David) ➤ Isaiah ➤ Jeremiah ➤ Lehi ➤ 586 BC Babylonian Conquest ➤ Temple destroyed ➤ Zerubbabel (2nd Temple period) ➤ Ezra leads 2nd migration and institutionalizes Law of Moses ➤ Nehemiah rebuilds walls around Jerusalem
88
The 12 Tribes of Israel
Ruben, Simeon, (Levites had no land. Moses and Aaron were Levites, so all priests are Levites), Judah (from whom came David and Jesus), Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulon, Benjamin, Manasseh (son of Joseph) and Ephraim (son of Joseph).
89
Order the Gospels from most unique to least unique
John, Luke, Matthew, Mark
(With Luke and Matthew at almost 50/50 unique)
90
What characterizes the Gospel of John?
Jewish author, Jewish or Gentile Christian audience
Emphasis: Jesus is the Son of God, believe in Him and live. Judean ministry and discourses
Exclusive material: marriage, Nicodemus, clearing the Temple, woman at the well, nobleman’s son, impotent man at the pool. Discourse on the bread of life, light of the world, living water, healing man born blind, good shepherd, raising of Lazarus. Washing of feet, Discourse on Holy Ghost, prayer in the garden, piercing of Jesus’s side, Thomas the doubter, promise of John tarrying. No parables, two alegories (the good shepherd, the vine and the branches)
Peculiarities: Emphasis on Philip, No 40 days in the wilderness, no storm at sea, no mount of transfiguration, no casting out devils (etc.). No virgin birth.
91
What characterizes the gospel of Mark?
Jewish author, gentile audience
Got all his info from Peter, hence the lack of order. — according to Papias (a second century churchman)
Emphasis: acts rather than teachings. No long sermons.
Exclusive material: A young man wearing a sheet during the arrest of Jesus. Jesus as a carpenter.
Peculiarities: Explains Jewish terms and phrases. Believe this was the first gospel written because of how much material is shared. Has unique order to events.
92
What characterizes the gospel of Luke?
Audience: Theophilus (Gentile, Christian)
Emphasis: The universality of Christ’s Teachings and parables.
-- Got info from eye witnesses (women and Paul.)
Exclusive material: Gabriel's visit to Zacharias and Mary. Birth of John the Baptist. Child Jesus at the temple. Bloody sweat. Discussion with a thief about paradise. Eating fish and honey after resurrection.
Peculiarities: Special attention to medical terms. Emphasis on individual salvation.
93
What characterizes the gospel of Matthew?
Jewish author, Jewish audience
(Matthew was very educated, likely to know Greek.)
Emphasis: Fulfillment of OT prophecies.
OT prophecies: Out of Egypt, spoken by Jeremy, He shall be called a Nazarene, thirty pieces of silver.
Exclusive material: Wise men, star in the east, flight to Egypt, slaying of children.
Peculiarities: Matthew was a publican (tax gatherer). Mentions Jesus paying tribute to tax collector of Capernaum. "Sealing the stone and setting a watch." Matthew's feast with the publicans. Several lengthy discourses.
94
Variations between the gospels
Matthew's genealogy vs. Luke's genealogy. Triumphal entry into Jerusalem. Inscription on the cross. One or two angels at the tomb.
95
The council of the twelve had...
a training period both BEFORE and AFTER their calling to the twelve.
96
Jesus often taught in parables to...
veil the meaning from his persecuters.
97
Two main things Jesus did.
1. Established a kingdom (Church) with priesthood authority.
2. Gained victory over death through the atonement.
98
Where do we get the book of Moses?
Revelation during Joseph Smith's translation of the Bible.
99
Where do we get the Book of Abraham?
Joseph Smith purchased four Egyptian mummies, papyri contained writings of Abraham and Joseph.
100
What does the word “Gospel” mean?
“Godspel” (old English) = “good news” or “God-story”
101
What is the Doctrine of Christ?
Faith (implied), repentance, baptism, gift of the Holy Ghost
Steadfast in Christ
Perfect brightness of hope
Love God and all people
Feast upon the word of God (i.e., personal Revelation)
Endure to end
102
Why is the doctrine of Premortality important?
To confound the doctrine that we came from “ex nihilo” or “out of nothing.”
103
Where does official church doctrine come from?
1. Scriptures 2. THE Prophet
