Related Issue #2 People Flashcards
(8 cards)
What did Franklin D. Roosevelt do?
From the Great Depression to World War II, as President, he guided the United States through challenging times. He sought to help the American people in many different ways, including creating social safety nets for the elderly and the unemployed. In 1935, he signed the Social Security Act to provide aid to the country’s most senior citizens and others in need.
What did Thomas More do?
Wrote Utopia in 1516, which was the forerunner of the utopian literary genre. More served as an important counselor to King Henry VIII of England, serving as his key counselor in the early 1500s, but after he refused to accept the king as head of the Church of England, he was tried for treason and beheaded (he died in London, England, in 1535). He is noted for coining the word “Utopia,” in reference to an ideal political system in which policies are governed by reason. He was canonized by the Catholic Church as a saint in 1935, and has been commemorated by the Church of England as a “Reformation martyr.”
What did Robert Owen do?
A Welsh Socialist and social reformer. He is considered the father of the cooperative movement. His socialistic philosophy - he believed that no one was “responsible for his will and his own actions” because “his whole character is formed independently of himself.” He firmly believed that people were the product of their environment, which fueled his support for education and labor reform. His views made him a pioneer in the promotion of investment in human capital. Known for his philanthropy in New Lanark (1800)
What did Karl Marx do?
Best known not as a philosopher but as a revolutionary, whose works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century, he wrote the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. Trained as a philosopher, he turned away from philosophy in his mid-twenties, towards economics and politics. However, in addition to his overtly philosophical early work, his later writings have many points of contact with contemporary philosophical debates, especially in the philosophy of history and the social sciences, and in moral and political philosophy. Historical materialism — His theory of history — is centered around the idea that forms of society rise and fall as they further and then impede the development of human productive power. He sees the historical process as proceeding through a necessary series of modes of production, characterized by class struggle, culminating in communism. His economic analysis of capitalism is based on his version of the labour theory of value, and includes the analysis of capitalist profit as the extraction of surplus value from the exploited proletariat. The analysis of history and economics come together in his prediction of the inevitable economic breakdown of capitalism, to be replaced by communism.
What did Fredrich Engels do?
German socialist philosopher, the closest collaborator of Karl Marx in the foundation of modern communism. They co authored The Communist Manifesto (1848), and he edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital after Marx’s death.
What did Vladimir Lenin do?
Founder of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), inspirer and leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), and the architect, builder, and first head (1917–24) of the Soviet state. He was the founder of the organization known as Comintern (Communist International). His doctrines when combined with Marxism contributed to the formation of a
Communist worldview.
What did Edmund Burke do?
Classical conservative (1729–1797) who viewed the events of the French Revolution from Britain and is identified with the development of the ideology of classical conservatism. A contemporary of the influential classical liberal Adam Smith, he came to different conclusions when faced with the same political, economic, and social realities. He did not accept the beliefs and values of classical liberalism, preferring those of the pre industrial past. He believed that the government represented not only the will of the people presently living, but also the legacy of people who had gone before, and the inheritance of those yet to come.. He believed that established institutions, run by the educated people of society, were necessary to control the irrational passions of the uneducated masses (viewed now as elitism).
What did Theodore Roosevelt do?
He remains the youngest person to become President of the United States. He was a leader of the progressive movement, and he championed his “Square Deal” domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs.
